Biomechanical conditioning of tissue engineered heart valves: Too much of a good thing?

Nejad, Shouka Parvin; Blaser, Mark C.; Santerre, J. Paul; Caldarone, Christopher A.; Simmons, Craig A.

doi:10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.003

Cited by 61 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…Cell‐mediated tissue contraction in TEHVs results in leaflets' shortening and, as a consequence, in insufficient valve closure. This well‐known phenomenon is a major drawback that jeopardizes the whole concept of engineering a functional tissue both in vitro and in vivo . Therefore, the capability of the MEW to counteract cell traction is of great interest.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biologically Inspired Scaffolds for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering via Melt Electrowriting

Saidy

Wolf

Bas

et al. 2019

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Heart valves are characterized to be highly flexible yet tough, and exhibit complex deformation characteristics such as nonlinearity, anisotropy, and viscoelasticity, which are, at best, only partially recapitulated in scaffolds for heart valve tissue engineering (HVTE). These biomechanical features are dictated by the structural properties and microarchitecture of the major tissue constituents, in particular collagen fibers. In this study, the unique capabilities of melt electrowriting (MEW) are exploited to create functional scaffolds with highly controlled fibrous microarchitectures mimicking the wavy nature of the collagen fibers and their load‐dependent recruitment. Scaffolds with precisely‐defined serpentine architectures reproduce the J‐shaped strain stiffening, anisotropic and viscoelastic behavior of native heart valve leaflets, as demonstrated by quasistatic and dynamic mechanical characterization. They also support the growth of human vascular smooth muscle cells seeded both directly or encapsulated in fibrin, and promote the deposition of valvular extracellular matrix components. Finally, proof‐of‐principle MEW trileaflet valves display excellent acute hydrodynamic performance under aortic physiological conditions in a custom‐made flow loop. The convergence of MEW and a biomimetic design approach enables a new paradigm for the manufacturing of scaffolds with highly controlled microarchitectures, biocompatibility, and stringent nonlinear and anisotropic mechanical properties required for HVTE.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biologically Inspired Scaffolds for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering via Melt Electrowriting

Saidy

Wolf

Bas

et al. 2019

Small

171

158

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This was at variance with cells covering the surface, which exhibited, similarly to VICs cultured onto plastics, the activation marker (Figure S4), thus supporting the hypothesis that embedding of VICs into the three‐dimensional pericardial matrix is permissive for a quiescent phenotype. In this respect, it will be interesting to determine whether cells colonizing the inner pericardium layers will contribute to novel matrix deposition and to mechanical maturation of the matrix itself, and thus to establish specific cell mechanics criteria to be met in order to manufacture artificial valve tissue endowed with self‐regeneration capacity (Parvin Nejad, Blaser, Santerre, Caldarone, & Simmons, ; Pesce & Santoro, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aortic valve cell seeding into decellularized animal pericardium by perfusion-assisted bioreactor

Amadeo

Boschetti

Polvani

et al. 2018

J Tissue Eng Regen Med

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Animal-derived pericardium is the elective tissue employed in manufacturing heart valve prostheses. The preparation of this tissue for biological valve production consists of fixation with aldehydes, which reduces, but not eliminates, the xenoantigens and the donor cellular material. As a consequence, especially in patients below 65-70 years of age, the employment of valve substitutes contaning pericardium is not indicated due to progressive calcification that causes tissue degeneration and recurrence of valve insufficiency. Decellularization with ionic or nonionic detergents has been proposed as an alternative procedure to prepare aldehyde- or xenoantigen-free pericardium for biological valve manufacturing. In the present contribution, we optimized a decellularization procedure that is permissive for seeding and culturing valve competent cells able to colonize and reconstitute a valve-like tissue. A high-efficiency cellularization was achieved by forcing cell penetration inside the pericardium matrix using a perfusion bioreactor. Because the decellularization procedure was found not to alter the collagen composition of the pericardial matrix and cells seeded in the tissue constructs consistently grew and acquired the phenotype of "quiescent" valve interstitial cells, our investigation sets a novel standard in pericardium application for tissue engineering of "living" valve implants.

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“…Especially, the efforts taken to construct a system complex enough to provide conditions that mimic the biochemical, physical and mechanical microenvironment of the native tissue need to be justified. Also, it has been suggested that biophysical stimulation probably results in effects that lead to tissue fibrosis when implanted (Carver and Goldsmith, ; Parvin Nejad et al , ). Continued studies in this aspect can only further our understanding on the practical relevance of physiological biomimicry in bioreactors for clinical implantation.…”

Section: Emerging Trends In Clinically Relevant Bioreactor Design Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: bioreactor design towards generation of relevant engineered tissues: focus on clinical translation

Ravichandran

Liu

Teoh

2017

J Tissue Eng Regen Med

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In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, studies that utilize 3D scaffolds for generating voluminous tissues are mostly confined in the realm of in vitro research and preclinical animal model testing. Bioreactors offer an excellent platform to grow and develop 3D tissues by providing conditions that mimic their native microenvironment. Aligning the bioreactor development process with a focus on patient care will aid in the faster translation of the bioreactor technology to clinics. In this review, we discuss the various factors involved in the design of clinically relevant bioreactors in relation to their respective applications. We explore the functional relevance of tissue grafts generated by bioreactors that have been designed to provide physiologically relevant mechanical cues on the growing tissue. The review discusses the recent trends in non-invasive sensing of the bioreactor culture conditions. It provides an insight to the current technological advancements that enable in situ, non-invasive, qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the tissue grafts grown in a bioreactor system. We summarize the emerging trends in commercial bioreactor design followed by a short discussion on the aspects that hamper the 'push' of bioreactor systems into the commercial market as well as 'pull' factors for stakeholders to embrace and adopt widespread utility of bioreactors in the clinical setting. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Biomechanical conditioning of tissue engineered heart valves: Too much of a good thing?

Cited by 61 publications

References 180 publications

Biologically Inspired Scaffolds for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering via Melt Electrowriting

Biologically Inspired Scaffolds for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering via Melt Electrowriting

Aortic valve cell seeding into decellularized animal pericardium by perfusion-assisted bioreactor

Review: bioreactor design towards generation of relevant engineered tissues: focus on clinical translation

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