Biomechanical Correlates of Surface Electromyography Signals Obtained During Swallowing by Healthy Adults

Crary, Michael A.; Carnaby, Giselle; Groher, Michael E.

doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2006/015)

Cited by 87 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…CP offset and onset were determined as a reduction below and return above 5% of maximal CP amplitude per volume [24]. For SM-EMG measurements, the time of onset, peak amplitude and offset were determined as per Crary et al [11]. The time from onset to peak was termed the upstroke time while the time from peak to offset was termed downstroke time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES) Relaxation and Opening During Volume Swallowing

et al. 2016

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Background: UES opening occurs following cricopharyngeus deactivation and submental muscle contraction causing hyolaryngeal elevation and UES distraction. During impedance manometry, the inverse of impedance (admittance) can be used to measure bolus presence and infer UES opening. We hypothesized that the temporal relationship between UES relaxation, opening and hyolaryngeal elevation would change with increasing bolus volume. Methods: Simultaneous intramuscular cricopharyngeal (CP) electromyography (EMG), surface submental EMG (SM-EMG) and high-resolution impedance manometry (HRIM)were recorded in eight (aged 27±7 yrs, 5M) healthy volunteers while swallowing 0.9% Saline boluses of 2,5,10 and 20ml. Data were exported and analyzed via Matlab. Statistical analysis comprised of repeated measured one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant Results: Duration of CP deactivation increased at 20ml volume (P < 0.001). UES relaxation and opening increased with increasing bolus volume (P < 0.001), however overall duration of SM activation did not change. As UES opening occurs progressively earlier with increasing volumes, peak SM-EMG activity occurs relatively later (P < 0.001) and shifts from occurring before to following peak UES distention. Conclusions

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The muscles involved in UES opening are primarily the CP muscle relaxing [2,5] and suprahyoid, (sub-mental, SM) muscles contracting [6][7][8]11]. SM contraction causes sphincter distraction leading to low UES compliance, through which transmitted bolus forces open the sphincter [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES) Relaxation and Opening During Volume Swallowing

et al. 2016

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“…Functions of the central nervous system, the muscle cell membrane, muscle end plate, muscle T-tubular system, and the energy supply to the muscle may all contribute to muscle fatigue. Surface EMG is often used as a clinical tool in the study of skeletal muscle fatigue [3][4][5]. During fatigue, the median (and mean) frequencies of the PSD function of the sEMG signals shift in a predictable manner.…”

Section: Author Manuscript Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants are instructed to raise their head high and forward enough to be able to observe their toes without raising their shoulders off the ground. The three sustained head raisings are followed by a second portion of the exercise that includes 30 consecutive, nonsustained, repetitive head raisings in the same supine position.In prior work, surface EMG (sEMG) studies have been used to evaluate specific muscle activation patterns and the relationship of the timing of hyolaryngeal excursion, pharyngeal constriction, UES opening, and activation of suprahyoid muscles during swallowing [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. In a study by Ferdjallah et al [6], the shifts in the spectra from recorded sEMGs were used to identify SHM, IHM, and SCM fatigue after completion of the isometric portion of the Shaker exercise.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In prior work, surface EMG (sEMG) studies have been used to evaluate specific muscle activation patterns and the relationship of the timing of hyolaryngeal excursion, pharyngeal constriction, UES opening, and activation of suprahyoid muscles during swallowing [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. In a study by Ferdjallah et al [6], the shifts in the spectra from recorded sEMGs were used to identify SHM, IHM, and SCM fatigue after completion of the isometric portion of the Shaker exercise.…”

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Fatigue Analysis Before and After Shaker Exercise: Physiologic Tool for Exercise Design

et al. 2008

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Recent studies suggest that the Shaker exercise induces fatigue in the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening muscles and sternocleidomastoid (SCM), with the SCMs fatiguing earliest. The aim of this study was to measure fatigue induced by the isometric portion of the Shaker exercise by measuring the rate of change in the median frequency (MF rate) of the power spectral density (PSD) function, which is interpreted as proportional to the rate of fatigue, from surface electromyography (EMG) of suprahyoid (SHM), infrahyoid (IHM), and SCM. EMG data compared fatigue-related changes from 20-, 40-, and 60-s isometric hold durations of the Shaker exercise. We found that fatigue-related changes were manifested during the 20-s hold. The findings confirm that the SCM fatigues initially and as fast as or faster than the SHM and IHM. In addition, upon completion of the exercise protocol, the SCM had a decreased MF rate, implying improved fatigue resistance, while the SHM and IHM showed increased MF rates, implying that these muscles increased their fatiguing effort. We conclude that the Shaker exercise initially leads to increased fatigue resistance of the SCM, after which the exercise loads the less fatigue-resistant Correspondence to: Jacqueline Wertsch, wertschj@mcw.edu. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript SHM and IHM, potentiating the therapeutic effect of the Shaker exercise regimen with continued exercise performance. KeywordsDysphagia; Electromyography; Exercise; Muscle fatigue; Power spectral density; Surface EMG; Therapeutic exercise; Shaker exercise; UES opening; Deglutition; Deglutition disordersSwallowing is a complicated process that involves many neck muscles, including the suprahyoid muscle group. During swallowing, this group of muscles, which includes the mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and digastric muscles, contracts and acts as a traction force that contributes to the anteroposterior deglutitive opening of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), allowing food to pass into the esophagus. The UES is normally in a state of tonic contraction that prevents air passage from the pharynx into the esophagus. Sphincteric relaxation and distensibility also contribute to UES opening.The Shaker exercise is a simple isotonic/isometric head-raising exercise that has been shown to increase the anteroposterior deglutitive opening diameter and cross-sectional area of the UES [1,2]. This exercise consists of three isometric repetitions of 1-min sustained head raisings with the patient in the supine position, alternating with 1-min rest periods. Participants are instructed to raise their head high and forward enough to be able to observe their toes without raising their shoulders off the ground. The three sustained head raisings are followed by a second portion of the exercise that includes 30 consecutive, nonsustained, repetitive head raisings in the same supine position.In prior work, surface EMG (sEMG) studies have been used to evaluate specific muscle activation patterns...

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Evaluation of Swallow Function After Tongue Cancer Treatment Using Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Narayanan

Kim

et al. 2013

JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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IMPORTANCE Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the advantage of imaging swallow function at any anatomical level without changing the position of patient, which can provide detailed information than modified barium swallow, by far the gold standard of swallow evaluation. OBJECTIVE To investigate the use of real-time MRI in the evaluation of swallow function of patients with tongue cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Real-time MRI experiments were performed on a Signa Excite HD 1.5-T scanner (GE Healthcare), with gradients capable of 40-mT/m (milli-Tesla per meter) amplitudes and 150-mT/m/ms (mT/m per millisecond) slew rates. The sequence used was spiral fast gradient echo sequence. Four men with base of tongue or oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma and 3 age-matched healthy men with normal swallowing participated in the experiment. INTERVENTIONS Real-time MRI of the midsagittal plane was collected during swallowing. Coronal planes between the oral tongue and base of tongue and through the middle of the larynx were collected from 1 of the patients. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Oral transit time, pharyngeal transit time, submental muscle length change, and the distance change between the hyoid bone and anterior boundary of the thyroid cartilage were measured frame by frame during swallowing. RESULTS All the measurable oral transit and pharyngeal transit times of the patients with cancer were significantly longer than the ones of the healthy participants. The changes in submental muscle length and the distance between the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage happened in concert for all 60 normal swallows; however, the pattern differed for each patient with cancer. To our knowledge, the coronal view of the tongue and larynx revealed information that has not been previously reported. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study has demonstrated the potential of real-time MRI to reveal critical information beyond the capacity of traditional videofluoroscopy. Further investigation is needed to fully consider the technique, procedure, and standard scope of applying MRI to evaluate swallow function of patients with cancer in research and clinic practice.

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Biomechanical Correlates of Surface Electromyography Signals Obtained During Swallowing by Healthy Adults

Cited by 87 publications

References 21 publications

Modulation of Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES) Relaxation and Opening During Volume Swallowing

Modulation of Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES) Relaxation and Opening During Volume Swallowing

Fatigue Analysis Before and After Shaker Exercise: Physiologic Tool for Exercise Design

Evaluation of Swallow Function After Tongue Cancer Treatment Using Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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