Biomechanical Evaluation of Short Implants for Prostheses: Review Article

Abstract

Oncologists in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, evaluate breast cancer prognosis based on tumor characteristics and breast cancer risk factors. Some risk factors are age, menopausal status, prior cancer, diabetes mellitus type 2, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. The estimation of 5-year overall survival, though, could be influenced by other modifiable risk factors not accounted for in clinical files such as environmental exposure to contaminants, residential exposure to hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), and residual water sites (RWS). We hypothesize that residential exposure to hazards can be added for improving the current criteria of using the variables; previous cancer condition, age, menopause, diabetes mellitus, high triglycerides and high cholesterol, for breast cancer prognosis in predicting the 5-year overall survival. The main result obtained by principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the variables are positively correlated with the first dimension two by two. That means that size effect is observed where some patients have high values, while others have low values regardless of the variables. The previous statement means that, if a patient has a high value in one variable, then the value tends to be high for the others. The main findings obtained by correspondence analysis is that residentially exposed women with prior cancer(s), diagnosed at an older age (≥ 60 years) had an overall unfavourable 5-year prognosis (survival rate of 69 % or less). This work considers the inclusion of hazard exposure for the estimation of breast cancer prognosis 5-years post-diagnosis in women in Hermosillo,