Biomechanical Markers of Forward Hop-Landing After ACL-Reconstruction: A Pattern Recognition Approach

Sritharan, Prasanna; Muñoz, Mario A.; Pivonka, Peter; Bryant, Adam; Mokhtarzadeh, Hossein; Perraton, Luke

doi:10.1007/s10439-022-02921-4

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This strategy may provide the same center of mass modulation with less muscular effort, but at the expense of greater axial knee joint loading. 46…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Symmetry of Single-Leg Vertical Jump Height Represent Normal Lower Limb Biomechanics of Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?

Peng

Dong

Ding

et al. 2023

Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach

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Background: After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), single-leg horizontal hop distance limb symmetry index (LSI) >90% is recommended as a cutoff point for safe return to sport (RTS). However, athletes after ACLR have abnormal lower limb biomechanics despite an adequate single-leg hop distance LSI, implying that athletes are at high risk of reinjury. Symmetry of single-leg vertical jump height appears to be more difficult to achieve and can be a better representation of knee function than single-leg horizontal hop distance. Hypothesis: Athletes after ACLR with single-leg jump height LSI >90% had similar biomechanical characteristics to healthy athletes. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A total of 46 athletes after ACLR were divided into low jump height (LJH, jump height LSI <90%, n = 23) and high jump height (HJH, jump height LSI >90%, n = 23) groups according to symmetry of single-leg vertical jump height, while 24 healthy athletes acted as a control (CONT) group. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the kinematic and kinetic characteristics of the LJH, HJH, and CONT groups during single-leg vertical jump. Results: Both the LJH and HJH groups demonstrated greater limb asymmetry (lower LSI) during landing compared with the CONT group in knee extension moment ( P < 0.05), peak knee flexion angle ( P < 0.05), and knee power ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: Symmetry in single-leg vertical jump height does not represent normal lower limb biomechanics in athletes after ACLR. Clinical Relevance: Symmetrical jump height may not signify ideal biomechanical or RTS readiness, but single-leg vertical jump test can be used as a supplement to horizontal hop test or other functional tests to reduce the likelihood of false-negative results in the absence of detailed biomechanical evaluation.

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“…This strategy may provide the same center of mass modulation with less muscular effort, but at the expense of greater axial knee joint loading. 46…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Symmetry of Single-Leg Vertical Jump Height Represent Normal Lower Limb Biomechanics of Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?

Peng

Dong

Ding

et al. 2023

Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach

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“…In connection with its rapid processing and analysis of large amounts of data, AI may reveal patterns, trends, relationships, and other insights not immediately apparent to human observers (16)(17)(18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Recognition Of Patterns and Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with the application of artificial intelligence in connection with sport research, coaching, and optimization of athletic performance: a brief SWOT analysis

Sperlich,

Düking,

Leppich

et al. 2023

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Here, we performed a non-systematic analysis of the strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) associated with the application of artificial intelligence to sports research, coaching and optimization of athletic performance. The strength of AI with regards to applied sports research, coaching and athletic performance involve the automation of time-consuming tasks, processing and analysis of large amounts of data, and recognition of complex patterns and relationships. However, it is also essential to be aware of the weaknesses associated with the integration of AI into this field. For instance, it is imperative that the data employed to train the AI system be both diverse and complete, in addition to as unbiased as possible with respect to factors such as the gender, level of performance, and experience of an athlete. Other challenges include e.g., limited adaptability to novel situations and the cost and other resources required. Opportunities include the possibility to monitor athletes both long-term and in real-time, the potential discovery of novel indicators of performance, and prediction of risk for future injury. Leveraging these opportunities can transform athletic development and the practice of sports science in general. Threats include over-dependence on technology, less involvement of human expertise, risks with respect to data privacy, breaching of the integrity and manipulation of data, and resistance to adopting such new technology. Understanding and addressing these SWOT factors is essential for maximizing the benefits of AI while mitigating its risks, thereby paving the way for its successful integration into sport science research, coaching, and optimization of athletic performance.

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“…Similarly, lower-leg muscles (such as of the calf) may impact knee function due to the gastrocnemius’ anatomical origin being proximal to the knee. Indeed, the calf is emerging as a key contributor to knee joint stability and compression forces,11 15 16 with potential implications for future re-injury and structural outcomes following ACL injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No sign of weakness: a systematic review and meta-analysis of hip and calf muscle strength after anterior cruciate ligament injury

Girdwood,

Culvenor,

Patterson

et al. 2024

Br J Sports Med

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ObjectiveWe aimed to determine hip and lower-leg muscle strength in people after ACL injury compared with an uninjured control group (between people) and the uninjured contralateral limb (between limbs).DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL and SportDiscus to 28 February 2023.Eligibility criteriaPrimary ACL injury with mean age 18–40 years at time of injury. Studies had to measure hip and/or lower-leg muscle strength quantitatively (eg, dynamometer) and report muscle strength for the ACL-injured limb compared with: (i) an uninjured control group and/or (ii) the uninjured contralateral limb. Risk of bias was assessed according to Cochrane Collaboration domains.ResultsTwenty-eight studies were included (n=23 measured strength ≤12 months post-ACL reconstruction). Most examined hip abduction (16 studies), hip extension (12 studies) and hip external rotation (7 studies) strength. We found no meaningful difference in muscle strength between people or between limbs for hip abduction, extension, internal rotation, flexion or ankle plantarflexion, dorsiflexion (estimates ranged from −9% to +9% of comparator). The only non-zero differences identified were in hip adduction (24% stronger on ACL limb (95% CI 8% to 42%)) and hip external rotation strength (12% deficit on ACL limb (95% CI 6% to 18%)) compared with uninjured controls at follow-ups >12 months, however both results stemmed from only two studies. Certainty of evidence was very low for all outcomes and comparisons, and drawn primarily from the first year post-ACL reconstruction.ConclusionOur results do not show widespread or substantial muscle weakness of the hip and lower-leg muscles after ACL injury, contrasting deficits of 10%–20% commonly reported for knee extensors and flexors. As it is unclear if deficits in hip and lower-leg muscle strength resolve with appropriate rehabilitation or no postinjury or postoperative weakness occurs, individualised assessment should guide training of hip and lower-leg strength following ACL injury.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020216793.

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Biomechanical Markers of Forward Hop-Landing After ACL-Reconstruction: A Pattern Recognition Approach

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Can Symmetry of Single-Leg Vertical Jump Height Represent Normal Lower Limb Biomechanics of Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?

Can Symmetry of Single-Leg Vertical Jump Height Represent Normal Lower Limb Biomechanics of Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?

Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with the application of artificial intelligence in connection with sport research, coaching, and optimization of athletic performance: a brief SWOT analysis

No sign of weakness: a systematic review and meta-analysis of hip and calf muscle strength after anterior cruciate ligament injury

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