Biomechanical modeling for the response of human thorax to blast waves

Zhou, Jie; Tao, Gang

doi:10.1007/s10409-015-0419-4

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This tissue resistance would also affect the subsequent decay of the PV response. Future studies should build on the history of high fidelity finite element models used for blast [39,44,[56][57][58][59][60] to better understand the unique PV response. However, these models must be validated against high-fidelity human data collected in underwater blast scenarios similar to those presented in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamic response of human lungs due to underwater shock wave exposure

Bar-Kochba,

Iwaskiw,

Dunn

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Since the 19th century, underwater explosions have posed a significant threat to service members. While there have been attempts to establish injury criteria for the most vulnerable organs, namely the lungs, existing criteria are highly variable due to insufficient human data and the corresponding inability to understand the underlying injury mechanisms. This study presents an experimental characterization of isolated human lung dynamics during simulated exposure to underwater shock waves. We found that the large acoustic impedance at the surface of the lung severely attenuated transmission of the shock wave into the lungs. However, the shock wave initiated large bulk pressure-volume cycles that are distinct from the response of the solid organs under similar loading. These pressure-volume cycles are due to compression of the contained gas, which we modeled with the Rayleigh-Plesset equation. The extent of these lung dynamics was dependent on physical confinement, which in real underwater blast conditions is influenced by factors such as rib cage properties and donned equipment. Findings demonstrate a potential causal mechanism for implosion injuries, which has significant implications for the understanding of primary blast lung injury due to underwater blast exposures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamic response of human lungs due to underwater shock wave exposure

Bar-Kochba,

Iwaskiw,

Dunn

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…This elementary analysis shows that the Axelsson model does not properly account for the presumed viscoelastic response of the thorax, because of its inability to appropriately represent stress relaxation. But, in view of the paradigm that the response of the thorax to complex pressure signals is modeled by a viscoelastic material, which is the focus of our analysis in this article, stress relaxation is expected to play a role when various periods of external loading and unloading are encountered [9,14,16,17,37]. Moreover, the instantaneous compliance ( J g ) vanishes, which is indicated by the (t)-contribution in Eq.…”

Section: The One-dimensional Axelsson Modelmentioning

confidence: 98%

On models of blast overpressure effects to the thorax

2020

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Shock waves from explosions can cause lethal injuries to humans. Current state-of the-art models for pressure induced lung injuries were typically empirically derived and are only valid for detonations in free-field conditions. In built-up environments, though, pressure–time histories differ significantly from this idealization and not all explosions exhibit detonation characteristics. Hence, those approaches cannot be deployed. However, the actual correlation between dynamic shock wave characteristics and gradual degree of injury have yet to be fully described. In an attempt to characterize the physical response of the human body to complex shock-wave effects, viscoelastic models were developed in the past (Axelsson and Yelverton, in J Trauma Acute Care Surg 40, 31S–37S, 1996; Stuhmiller et al., in J Biomech. 10.1016/0021-9290(95)00039-9, 1996). We discuss those existing modeling approaches especially in view of their viscoelastic behavior and point out drawbacks regarding their response to standard stimuli. Further, we suggest to fully acknowledge the experimentally anticipated viscoelastic behavior of the effective thorax models by using a newly formulated standard model for viscoelastic solids instead of damped harmonic oscillators. Concerning injury assessment, we discuss the individual injury criteria proposed along with existing models pointing out desirable improvements with respect to complex blast situations, e.g. the necessity to account for repeated exposure (criteria with time-memory), and further adaption with respect to nonlinear gas dynamics inside the lung. Finally, we present an improved modeling approach for complex blast overpressure effects to the thorax with few parameters that is more suitable for the characteristics of complex blast wave propagation than other current models.

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