Biomechanical performance of powder-free examination gloves

Fisher, Mark; Reddy, Vikram; Williams, Freddie M.; Lin, Kant Y.; Thacker, John G.; Edlich, Richard F.

doi:10.1016/s0736-4679(99)00133-x

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The nitrile glove types assessed had higher stiffness values, which explained the greater resistance to puncture reported in the current study. The nitrile gloves exhibited superior puncture resistance properties, as stated in studies previously [25][26][27][28] as compared with latex gloves. However, as highlighted by Hasma and Othman 30 and Checchi et al 31 the gloves' elastic properties influence the passage of liquid through punctures.…”

Section: Modulus (M100) Evaluationsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…[25][26][27][28] Fisher et al 28 reported that the thickness of the glove type was not an accurate predictor of puncture resistance as the thinnest glove assessed, the nitrile glove type, exhibited the highest puncture resistance and recommended the use of nitrile gloves for latexsensitised surgeons. In the current study, the Microtouch latex glove type assessed was the thickest (0.1778 mm), however, the three nitrile glove types Nitratouch (0.1143 mm), Safeskin (0.12446 mm) and Microtouch nitrile (0.1778 mm) exhibited a significantly higher puncture resistance.…”

Section: Puncture Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the current study, Microtouch latex gloves exhibited an overall mean puncture resistance of 3.39 ± 0.76 N and for specimens from the index finger alone, a mean puncture resistance of 3.51 ± 0.43 N. This is a higher value than that evaluated for latex examination glove types from previous studies. [25][26][27][28] Dental injection Needle Manson et al 29 devised a novel method to quantify the force necessary for a representative 0.45 mm diameter needle to penetrate a glove specimen. The initial and maximal penetration forces were recorded for Biogel latex gloves to be 0.04 ± 0.01 N and 0.05 ± 0.01 N respectively, similar to values recorded in the current study.…”

Section: Puncture Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Puncture resistance and stiffness of nitrile and latex dental examination gloves

2004

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ObjectiveThe aim of the current study was to assess the puncture resistance and stiffness of nitrile and latex dental examination gloves. Methods Puncture resistance was measured by employing an adapted version of ASTM F1342-91 using both a 316 stainless steel puncture probe (0.8 mm diameter) and a dental injection needle (0.45 mm diameter) interfaced to a tensile testing apparatus. Glove specimens (12 cm length, 1.5 cm breadth) were removed for modulus (M100) evaluation by assessing the force required to elongate the specimen to 100% of the original length. Glove samples were also aged to investigate whether puncture resistance and M100 values varied with aging at 70°C for 7 days in an air-circulating oven. Results The nitrile glove types were assessed to have significantly higher puncture resistance compared with the latex glove type when the steel puncture probe was the pentrometer when using the one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 95% significance level. Interestingly the puncture resistance for the latex glove type was significantly higher (P < 0.001) when a dental injection needle was used as the pentrometer compared with the nitrile glove types. The M100 values were significantly higher for the nitrile glove types for which the stiffness increased when the gloves were aged (P < 0.001). Conclusions The higher stiffness values resulted in increased puncture resistance when the nitrile glove specimens were aged irrespective of the pentrometer type. However, the ability of latex to re-seal itself on puncture may be beneficial when considering the protection potential of each glove type against breaches in cross infection. For clinicians that have experienced an adverse reaction to natural latex gloves, the results of the current study indicate that nitrile gloves are available at reasonable cost and offer the clinician comparable resistance to puncture with latex gloves.

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Section: Modulus (M100) Evaluationsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Puncture Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Puncture Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Puncture resistance and stiffness of nitrile and latex dental examination gloves

2004

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“…As expected, the low-modulus gloves had lower modulus 50-100%. Previous studies have indicated significant differences in tensile strength or stiffness between manufacturers or brands (Fisher et al, 1999;Rego and Roley, 1999); however, glove type was not identified as a contributing factor. In general, the physical and mechanical properties were significantly different between the two glove types, which indicate that, on average, the formulations are significantly different.…”

Section: Physical and Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 68%

Tensile Properties and Integrity of Clean Room and Low-Modulus Disposable Nitrile Gloves: A Comparison of Two Dissimilar Glove Types

2011

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene

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Background: The selection of disposable nitrile exam gloves is complicated by (i) the availability of several types or formulations, (ii) product variability, and (iii) an inability of common quality control tests to detect small holes in the fingers. Differences in polymer formulation (e.g. filler and plasticizer/oil content) and tensile properties are expected to account for much of the observed variability in performance.Objectives: This study evaluated the tensile properties and integrity (leak failure rates) of two glove choices assumed to contain different amounts of plasticizers/oils. The primary aims were to determine if the tensile properties and integrity differed and if associations existed among these factors. Additional physical and chemical properties were evaluated.Methods: Six clean room and five low-modulus products were evaluated using the American Society for Testing and Materials Method D412 and a modified water-leak test to detect holes capable of passing a virus or chemical agent.Results: Significant differences in the leak failure rates and tensile properties existed between the two glove types (P 0.05). The clean room gloves were about three times more likely to have leak failures (chi-square; P 5 0.001). No correlation was observed between leak failures and tensile properties. Solvent extract, an indication of added plasticizer/oil, was not associated with leak failures. However, gloves with a maximum modulus ,4 MPa or area density (AD) ,11 g cm À2 were about four times less likely to leak.Conclusions: On average, the low-modulus gloves were a better choice for protection against aqueous chemical or biological penetration. The observed variability between glove products indicated that glove selection cannot rely solely on glove type or manufacturer labeling. Measures of modulus and AD may aid in the selection process, in contrast with common measures of tensile strength and elongation at break.

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“…Vulcanisation occurs by a chemical agent, such as sulphur or zinc oxide [4]. Studies have shown that both vulcanized nitrile and natural latex gloves are comparable or some shown better physical properties in terms of susceptible to material breakdown, chemical resistance and mechanical behaviour [5,6]. This makes nitrile e x a m i n a t i o n g l o v e t o m a i n s t a y o p t i o n f o r m e d i c a l u s e .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Study on Effect of Chemical Composition Alteration on Elastic Recovery and Stress Recovery of Nitrile Gloves

Tan

Phang

Phang³

et al. 2018

MATEC Web Conf.

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Abstract. Nitrile gloves are widely used in the medical and automobile field due to its superiority in hypo-allergic component and chemical resistance over natural latex gloves. However, poor elastic recovery of nitrile glove to compressive force also creates an aesthetic issue for customers with high levels of wrinkling after removing from glove box. This paper demonstrates the preliminary study on the varies chemical composition such as crosslinking agents, sulphur and zinc oxide, the accelerator agent added during curing process, and the rubber filler Titanium Dioxide, on the elastic recovery and stress relaxation in nitrile gloves manufacturing. These chemical were studied at different concentration level comparing the high and low level versus the normal production range. Due to the inconsistency in the analysis technique on the surface imaging, the elastic recovery result was unable to be quantified and was not conclusive at this point. The cross linking agents, sulphur and zinc oxide, and the accelerator agent, played a significant role in the mechanical strength of the gloves. Increment of these chemicals result in higher tensile strength, but a reduction in the elasticity of the materials in which causes a lesser elongation at break percentage for the gloves. Both cross-linkers demonstrate different behaviour where higher sulphur content, provide higher stress relaxation (SR%) yet zinc oxide shows otherwise.

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Biomechanical performance of powder-free examination gloves

Cited by 25 publications

References 9 publications

Puncture resistance and stiffness of nitrile and latex dental examination gloves

Puncture resistance and stiffness of nitrile and latex dental examination gloves

Tensile Properties and Integrity of Clean Room and Low-Modulus Disposable Nitrile Gloves: A Comparison of Two Dissimilar Glove Types

Preliminary Study on Effect of Chemical Composition Alteration on Elastic Recovery and Stress Recovery of Nitrile Gloves

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