Biomechanical Response of the Bovine Pia-Arachnoid Complex to Tensile Loading at Varying Strain Rates

Jin, Xin; Lee, Jong B.; Leung, Lai Yee; Zhang, Liying; Yang, King H.; King, Albert I.

doi:10.4271/2006-22-0025

Cited by 30 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…Comparing the results of in-plane tension (Jin et al, 2006), normal traction (Jin et al, 2007), and shear tests (Table 4), it was observed that the elastic modulus along the in-plane tensile direction (6-40 MPa) is much higher than that along the other two directions (10-150 kPa). This difference may be linked to the anatomical characteristics of the PAC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…As a result, material properties of PAC may depend on the ambient temperature because of its viscoelastic nature. In order to compare the data with another study on bovine PAC (Aimedieu and Grebe, 2004) and to keep consistent with our previous tests (Jin et al, 2006 and2007), room temperature was chosen as the ambient temperature during shear tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The other two strain-rate groups include a low strain rate of approximately 1 s À 1 and a medium strain rate of 10 s À 1 . Based on an average thickness of 23.6 mm for bovine PAC (Jin et al, 2006), the three test speeds selected were 0.020, 0.17, and 1.7 mm/s. Table 2 summarizes the sample size of PAC from each anatomical region at different strain rates.…”

Section: Testing Of the Pia-arachnoid Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The brain removal procedures and storage of the PAC specimens were the same as those used for the previous studies on the PAC for in-plane tension and normal traction tests (Jin et al, 2006(Jin et al, , 2007. Bovine skull was cut open first and then the dura was removed from brain surface.…”

Section: Procurement Of Pac Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have been conducted to measure the material behavior of the PAC of varying species under in-plane tension (Tunturi, 1978;Ozawa et al, 2004;Aimedieu and Grebe, 2004;Kimpara et al, 2006;Jin et al, 2006) and normal traction (Jin et al, 2007). None of them had investigated the mechanical properties of PAC under shear loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Section: Discussionmentioning

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A series of computational studies were performed to investigate the biomechanical responses of the pig head under a specific shock tube environment. A finite element model of the head of a 50-kg Yorkshire pig was developed with sufficient details, based on the Lagrangian formulation, and a shock tube model was developed using the multimaterial arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (MMALE) approach. These two models were integrated and a fluid/solid coupling algorithm was used to simulate the interaction of the shock wave with the pig's head. The finite element model-predicted incident and intracranial pressure traces were in reasonable agreement with those obtained experimentally. Using the verified numerical model of the shock tube and pig head, further investigations were carried out to study the spatial and temporal distributions of pressure, shear stress, and principal strain within the head. Pressure enhancement was found in the skull, which is believed to be caused by shock wave reflection at the interface of the materials with distinct wave impedances. Brain tissue has a shock attenuation effect and larger pressures were observed in the frontal and occipital regions, suggesting a greater possibility of coup and contrecoup contusion. Shear stresses in the brain and deflection in the skull remained at a low level. Higher principal strains were observed in the brain near the foramen magnum, suggesting that there is a greater chance of cellular or vascular injuries in the brainstem region.

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Comparison of numerical methods for cerebrospinal fluid representation and fluid–structure interaction during transverse impact of a finite element spinal cord model

Rycman

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Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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Spinal cord impacts can have devastating consequences. Computational models can investigate such impacts but require biofidelic numerical representations of the neural tissues and fluid–structure interaction with cerebrospinal fluid. Achieving this biofidelity is challenging, particularly for efficient implementation of the cerebrospinal fluid in full computational human body models. The goal of this study was to assess the biofidelity and computational efficiency of fluid–structure interaction methods representing the cerebrospinal fluid interacting with the spinal cord, dura, and pia mater using experimental pellet impact test data from bovine spinal cords. Building on an existing finite element model of the spinal cord and pia mater, an orthotropic hyperelastic constitutive model was proposed for the dura mater and fit to literature data. The dura mater and cerebrospinal fluid were integrated with the existing finite element model to assess four fluid–structure interaction methods under transverse impact: Lagrange, pressurized volume, smoothed particle hydrodynamics, and arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian. The Lagrange method resulted in an overly stiff mechanical response, whereas the pressurized volume method over‐predicted compression of the neural tissues. Both the smoothed particle hydrodynamics and arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian methods were able to effectively model the impact response of the pellet on the dura mater, outflow of the cerebrospinal fluid, and compression of the spinal cord; however, the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian compute time was approximately five times higher than smoothed particle hydrodynamics. Crucial to implementation in human body models, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method provided a computationally efficient and representative approach to model spinal cord fluid–structure interaction during transverse impact.

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Biomechanical Response of the Bovine Pia-Arachnoid Complex to Tensile Loading at Varying Strain Rates

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Mechanical properties of bovine pia–arachnoid complex in shear

Mechanical properties of bovine pia–arachnoid complex in shear

Biomechanical responses of a pig head under blast loading: a computational simulation

Comparison of numerical methods for cerebrospinal fluid representation and fluid–structure interaction during transverse impact of a finite element spinal cord model

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