Biomechanics and functional morphology of a climbing monocot

Hesse, Linnéa; Wagner, Sarah T.; Neinhuis, Christoph

doi:10.1093/aobpla/plw005

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Consequently, plant organs must be considered as composite materials (Niklas, 1992). Therefore, the biomechanical properties reported here reflect the combined mechanical properties of each of the different tissues in an internode (see Schulgasser & Witztum, 1997;Rowe et al 2006;Hesse, Wagner, & Neinhuis, 2016;Wagner et al, 2012).…”

Section: Crop Sciencementioning

confidence: 97%

The genetic architecture of biomechanical traits in sorghum

et al. 2020

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Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is the fifth most commonly grown cereal crop worldwide with unrivaled drought tolerance compared with other cereal crops. Drought and heat tolerance and high biomass yield potential make sorghum a promising bioenergy crop. However, stem lodging is a significant problem that results in substantial yield losses. Stem biomechanical traits influence the mechanical stability of crops and breeding for desirable biomechanical traits may result in improved lodging resistance. In this study, we report the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for stem mechanical and morphological traits in three recombinant inbred line (RIL; populations from Tx623/Rio, Tx623/Della, and Tx631/Della) crosses between elite grain and sweet sorghum parents. The genetic architecture of stem biomechanical traits in the three RIL populations is multigenic and pleiotropic. Eight QTL affecting mechanical and morphological traits were detected; two main effects of these QTL were consistently found in all populations and colocated with previously identified dwarfing genes Dw1 and Dw3. These results indicate that dwarfing genes affect the mechanical properties of sorghum stems and their lodging resistance, while also having demonstrable effects on stem morphology. The identification of these QTL provides new opportunities for improving stem lodging resistance via genomics‐assisted breeding.

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Section: Crop Sciencementioning

confidence: 97%

The genetic architecture of biomechanical traits in sorghum

et al. 2020

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“…In Fritillaria (Liliaceae), Gloriosa and Littonia (Colchicaceae; Figure 3I ), Flagellaria (Flagellariaceae), and Polygonatum (Asparagaceae), the leaf apex is elongated and attenuated into a recurved coiling tendril that twines around other vegetation (Arber, 1920 ; Nordenstam, 1998 ). In particular, Flagellaria tendrils may coil vigorously and become quite thickened in their adaxial portion (Hesse et al, 2016 ). Tendrils similar to the ones observed in these groups are found in some species of Mutisia (Asteraceae, core eudicots), representing an interesting case of convergent evolution (Supplementary Figure 2B ).…”

Section: The Multiple Ontogenetic Origins Of Tendrils In Angiospermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent Evolution and the Diverse Ontogenetic Origins of Tendrils in Angiosperms

et al. 2018

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Climbers are abundant in tropical forests, where they constitute a major functional plant type. The acquisition of the climbing habit in angiosperms constitutes a key innovation. Successful speciation in climbers is correlated with the development of specialized climbing strategies such as tendrils, i.e., filiform organs with the ability to twine around other structures through helical growth. Tendrils are derived from a variety of morphological structures, e.g., stems, leaves, and inflorescences, and are found in various plant families. In fact, tendrils are distributed throughout the angiosperm phylogeny, from magnoliids to asterids II, making these structures a great model to study convergent evolution. In this study, we performed a thorough survey of tendrils within angiosperms, focusing on their origin and development. We identified 17 tendril types and analyzed their distribution through the angiosperm phylogeny. Some interesting patterns emerged. For instance, tendrils derived from reproductive structures are exclusively found in the Core Eudicots, except from one monocot species. Fabales and Asterales are the orders with the highest numbers of tendrilling strategies. Tendrils derived from modified leaflets are particularly common among asterids, occurring in Polemoniaceae, Bignoniaceae, and Asteraceae. Although angiosperms have a large number of tendrilled representatives, little is known about their origin and development. This work points out research gaps that should help guide future research on the biology of tendrilled species. Additional research on climbers is particularly important given their increasing abundance resulting from environmental disturbance in the tropics.

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“…A multiple gradient in axial and radial direction has been shown here for density and Young’s modulus (Fig. 4) with both parameters increasing towards stem base and periphery as in Flagellaria indica , a monocot climber, which stiffens towards the base and the periphery [19]. A similar gradient in radial direction has also been demonstrated for the tensile strength of tissues at various radial positions within the stem of Moso bamboo [20] and for the axial Young’s modulus of tissue strips in the culm of Arundo donax [21] as well as for the density in the oil palm Elaeis guineensis [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Biomechanics of selected arborescent and shrubby monocotyledons

Masselter

Haushahn

Fink

et al. 2016

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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Main aims of the study are a deepened understanding of the mechanically relevant (ultra-)structures and the mechanical behaviour of various arborescent and shrubby monocotyledons and obtaining the structure–function relationships of different structurally conspicuous parts in Dracaena marginata stems. The stems of five different “woody” monocotyledon species were dissected and the mechanical properties of the most noticeable tissues in the five monocotyledons and, additionally, of individual vascular bundles in D. marginata, were tested under tensile stress. Results for Young’s moduli and density of these tissues were assessed as well as the area, critical strain, Young’s modulus and tensile strength of the vascular bundles in Dracaena marginata. These analyses allowed for generating a model for the mechanical interaction of tissues and vascular bundles of the stem in D. marginata as well as filling major “white spots” in property charts for biological materials. Additionally we shortly discuss the potential significance of such studies for the development of branched and unbranched bio-inspired fibre-reinforced materials and structures with enhanced properties.

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Biomechanics and functional morphology of a climbing monocot

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

The genetic architecture of biomechanical traits in sorghum

The genetic architecture of biomechanical traits in sorghum

Convergent Evolution and the Diverse Ontogenetic Origins of Tendrils in Angiosperms

Biomechanics of selected arborescent and shrubby monocotyledons

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