Biomechanics of brain tissue

Prevost, Thibault P.; Balakrishnan, Asha; Suresh, S.; Socrate, Simona

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2010.06.035

Cited by 174 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…No other studies currently available in the literature appear to compare the mechanical properties of the cortex and cerebellum, or at strain rates larger than 10/s for micro-indentation. The results also showed no significant difference between the left and right hemispheres, which is in agreement with the results of Prevost et al (2011). Therefore, the results presented here are a significant addition to the current scientific literature on the dynamic and regional mechanical properties of brain tissue.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Dynamic mechanical properties of murine brain tissue using micro-indentation

MacManus¹,

Pierrat²,

Murphy³

et al. 2015

Journal of Biomechanics

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Significant advances have been made in recent decades to determine the macro-scale properties of brain tissue in compression, tension, shear and indentation. There has also been significant work done at the nanoscale using the AFM method to characterise the properties of individual neurons. However, there has been little published work on the micro-scale properties of brain tissue using an appropriate indentation methodology to characterise regional differences at dynamic strain rates. This paper presents a novel micro-indentation device that has been developed and used to measure the dynamic mechanical properties of brain tissue. The device is capable of applying up to 30/s strain rates with a maximum indentation area of 1500μm 2 . Indentation tests were carried out to determine the shear modulus of the cerebellum (3.59±1.27 kPa) and cortex (7.05±3.92 kPa) of murine brain tissue at 30/s up to 14% strain. Numerical simulations were carried out to verify the experimentally measured force-displacement results.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Dynamic mechanical properties of murine brain tissue using micro-indentation

MacManus¹,

Pierrat²,

Murphy³

et al. 2015

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…22,23 Characterizing the entire range of physiological strains is crucial for understanding injury-level mechanobiology, soft-tissue healing, tissue remodeling and homeostasis attainment. [24][25][26] Additionally, none of the above methods has yet been able to determine the independent effects of strain and stiffness on cell behavior, which, in 3D, are not independent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetically actuated cell-laden microscale hydrogels for probing strain-induced cell responses in three dimensions

Huang

Gao

et al. 2016

NPG Asia Mater

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Living cells respond to their mechanical microenvironments during development, healing, tissue remodeling and homeostasis attainment. However, this mechanosensitivity has not yet been established definitively for cells in three-dimensional (3D) culture environments, in part because of challenges associated with providing uniform and consistent 3D environments that can deliver a large range of physiological and pathophysiological strains to cells. Here, we report microscale magnetically actuated, cell-laden hydrogels (μMACs) for investigating the strain-induced cell response in 3D cultures. μMACs provide high-throughput arrays of defined 3D cellular microenvironments that undergo reversible, relatively homogeneous deformation following non-contact actuation under external magnetic fields. We present a technique that not only enables the application of these high strains (60%) to cells but also enables simplified microscopy of these specimens under tension. We apply the technique to reveal cellular strain-threshold and saturation behaviors that are substantially different from their 2D analogs, including spreading, proliferation, and differentiation. μMACs offer insights for mechanotransduction and may also provide a view of how cells respond to the extracellular matrix in a 3D manner.

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“…Previous studies have shown that SHPB testing has three major flaws associated with it [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . The first and most significant one is the material inertial effect, which shows up in the high strain rate mechanical response of a biomaterial specimen as an initial spike.…”

Section: Background On Split-hopkinson Pressure Bar (Shpb) and Internmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Coupled Experiment-finite Element Modeling Methodology for Assessing High Strain Rate Mechanical Response of Soft Biomaterials

Prabhu

Whittington

Patnaik

et al. 2015

JoVE

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This study offers a combined experimental and finite element (FE) simulation approach for examining the mechanical behavior of soft biomaterials (e.g. brain, liver, tendon, fat, etc.) when exposed to high strain rates. This study utilized a Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) to generate strain rates of 100-1,500 sec -1. The SHPB employed a striker bar consisting of a viscoelastic material (polycarbonate). A sample of the biomaterial was obtained shortly postmortem and prepared for SHPB testing. The specimen was interposed between the incident and transmitted bars, and the pneumatic components of the SHPB were activated to drive the striker bar toward the incident bar. The resulting impact generated a compressive stress wave (i.e. incident wave) that traveled through the incident bar. When the compressive stress wave reached the end of the incident bar, a portion continued forward through the sample and transmitted bar (i.e. transmitted wave) while another portion reversed through the incident bar as a tensile wave (i.e. reflected wave). These waves were measured using strain gages mounted on the incident and transmitted bars. The true stress-strain behavior of the sample was determined from equations based on wave propagation and dynamic force equilibrium. The experimental stress-strain response was three dimensional in nature because the specimen bulged. As such, the hydrostatic stress (first invariant) was used to generate the stress-strain response. In order to extract the uniaxial (one-dimensional) mechanical response of the tissue, an iterative coupled optimization was performed using experimental results and Finite Element Analysis (FEA), which contained an Internal State Variable (ISV) material model used for the tissue. The ISV material model used in the FE simulations of the experimental setup was iteratively calibrated (i.e. optimized) to the experimental data such that the experiment and FEA strain gage values and first invariant of stresses were in good agreement. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Biomechanics of brain tissue

Cited by 174 publications

References 59 publications

Dynamic mechanical properties of murine brain tissue using micro-indentation

Dynamic mechanical properties of murine brain tissue using micro-indentation

Magnetically actuated cell-laden microscale hydrogels for probing strain-induced cell responses in three dimensions

A Coupled Experiment-finite Element Modeling Methodology for Assessing High Strain Rate Mechanical Response of Soft Biomaterials

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