Biomechanics of Competitive Swimming Strokes

Barbosa, Tiago M.; Marinho, Daniel A.; Costa, Mário J.; Silva, Alcino J.

doi:10.5772/19553

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…If no statistical analysis was performed to compare the difference of joint moment between the different phases of the swing phases, this compares to the beginning of the swing phase. Further data about limb segments weight and drag coefficient in the water, among other factors, would be necessary to confirm this hypothesis in the horse (49).…”

Section: Angular Velocitymentioning

confidence: 93%

Kinematic Analysis During Straight Line Free Swimming in Horses: Part 1 - Forelimbs

et al. 2021

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Background: Swimming is used for rehabilitation and conditioning purposes in equine sports medicine despite the lack of understanding of equine swimming kinematics. The aim of this study was to assess forelimb joints kinematics (elbow, carpus, and fetlock) in swimming horses. The specific objectives were 1- to calculate and compare joint angles in swimming vs. passive mobilizations (PM), 2- to determine joint angular velocities during a swimming stride cycle.Methods: Eleven elite endurance horses swam in a 100-m straight pool. Underwater (swimming) and overground (PM) videos were recorded from the horses' left side. Joint markers were applied on the lateral hoof wall, lateral metacarpal epicondyle, ulnar carpal bone, lateral humeral epicondyle, and the greater tubercle of humerus, from which elbow, carpus and fetlock angles, and angular velocities were obtained. As a reference, maximal fetlock, carpus, and elbow flexion/extension angles were determined during PM overground. Differences between angle extrema, angular velocities and range of motion (ROM) were compared.Results: Carpus and fetlock ROM were significantly smaller (p < 0.001) during swimming when compared with PM, while there was no difference in elbow ROM between both situations. The carpus had the greatest ROM of all joints during swimming. Absolute angular velocities values of all joints during swimming were greater during retraction than protraction (p < 0.001). When compared to other joints during protraction, the carpus joint reached the highest angular velocity.Conclusion: Swimming, as a rehabilitation exercise, has the potential to benefit horses where great elbow ROM with a moderate carpus and fetlock extension are wanted.

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Section: Angular Velocitymentioning

confidence: 93%

Kinematic Analysis During Straight Line Free Swimming in Horses: Part 1 - Forelimbs

et al. 2021

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“…This research also explored various biomechanical variables like stroke length, rate, and kinematics, and their interplay in optimizing swimming performance. Understanding these variables offers students and professionals insights into strategic performance enhancement [48,49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The course emphasizes the application of biomechanics as a scientific research approach at the undergraduate level, making it a fundamental component of sports science education. Students explore biomechanical aspects of specific movements tailored to various sports disciplines such as basketball [36,37], dance sport [38,39], handball [40,41], judo [42,43], football [44], gymnastics [45], kayak [46,47], and swimming [48,49]. This comprehensive study equips them with the necessary knowledge to pursue careers as coaches, kinesiotherapists, or researchers in the fields of sports and human performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applied biomechanics within the Kinesiology discipline in higher education

Potop,

Mihailescu,

Mahaila

et al. 2024

PES

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Background and Study Aim. Biomechanics is a fundamental component of Kinesiology, offering critical insights into the mechanics of human movement. As the demand for comprehensive educational programs in Kinesiology grows, understanding the role and effectiveness of biomechanics within these programs becomes increasingly important. The aim of the study is to investigate and highlight the role and importance of biomechanics in the context of higher education, with an emphasis on the discipline of Kinesiology. Material and Methods. This study involved 71 students from the Department of Physical Education and Sport at Pitești University Center. It included 43 students specializing in Physical Education and Sport (PES) and 28 in Sports and Motor Performance (SMP). The research utilized the university's e-learning platform to monitor teaching and evaluation activities within the Kinesiology discipline. The evaluation of fundamental Kinesiology knowledge was assessed through various indicators. Google Forms-Questionnaire sought to gauge student opinions on the thematic content of Biomechanics as applied to Kinesiology and to evaluate the teaching staff. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis Test was employed to analyze differences in means across the groups. Results. The study revealed a diverse interest in sports across the Physical Education and Sport (PES) and Sports and Motor Performance (SMP) programs. Soccer, basketball, and handball were the most popular among students. Comparative analysis of academic performance showed no significant differences between the groups in various assessments (p>0.05). The overall student feedback on the "Fundamentals of Biomechanics of Physical Activities and Sports" course was predominantly positive. Over 50% of the students rated it as very good. Areas for improvement in teaching methods were also identified to enhance the academic experience. Conclusions. This study highlights the effective integration of biomechanics within the Kinesiology discipline at the higher education level. Findings suggest that well-structured educational programs can enhance students' understanding and application of biomechanics. This contributes positively to their academic and professional development in sports sciences. Continuous curriculum assessment and refinement are crucial for maintaining the relevance and effectiveness of such programs.

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“…The dv is a popular indicator of swimming efficiency with a direct positive effect on energy cost ( Barbosa et al, 2006 ). That is, in all four swimming strokes, swimming with a lower dv can induce a decrease in the energy cost of the swimmer to cover a given distance ( Barbosa et al, 2011 ). In cross-sectional studies, analysis of maximal trials in front-crawl indicated that faster swimming speeds were associated with lower dv in young swimmers ( Barbosa et al, 2013a ; Silva et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between swimming speed, intra-cycle variation of horizontal speed, and Froude efficiency during consecutive stroke cycles in adolescent swimmers

Pinto,

Marinho,

Neiva

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between swimming speed, intra-cycle variation of horizontal speed of displacement (dv), and Froude efficiency (ηF) in front-crawl during three consecutive stroke cycles. The sample consisted of 15 boys aged 16.07 ± 0.77 years and 15 girls aged 15.05 ± 1.07 years. Swimming speed, dv and ηF were measured during a 25 m front-crawl trial. Three consecutive stroke cycles were measured. Swimming speed showed a non-significant stroke-by-stroke effect (F = 2.55, p = 0.087, η2 = 0.08), but a significant sex effect (F = 90.46, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.76). The dv and ηF had the same trend as the swimming speed for the stroke-by-stroke effect, but a non-significant sex effect (p > 0.05). The Spearman correlation matrix between swimming speed and dv, and swimming speed and ηF showed non-significant correlations for the three stroke cycles in both sexes. However, the tendency of the former was not always inverse, and the latter was not always direct. Coaches and swimmers need to be aware that lower dvs are not always associated with faster swimming speeds and vice-versa, and that ηF is a predictor of swimming speed, not dv.

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Biomechanics of Competitive Swimming Strokes

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Kinematic Analysis During Straight Line Free Swimming in Horses: Part 1 - Forelimbs

Kinematic Analysis During Straight Line Free Swimming in Horses: Part 1 - Forelimbs

Applied biomechanics within the Kinesiology discipline in higher education

Relationship between swimming speed, intra-cycle variation of horizontal speed, and Froude efficiency during consecutive stroke cycles in adolescent swimmers

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