Biomechanics of Hallux Valgus and Spread Foot

Snijders, Chris J.; Snijder, J.G.N.; Philippens, M.M.G.M.

doi:10.1177/107110078600700106

Cited by 59 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…The posterolateral shear stress could predispose the hallux to an abnormal valgus position. According to the model developed by Snijder (1986), once the hallux shows a valgus position, contraction of the hallux flexors can further increase both the valgus angle of the hallux and varus deviation of the first metatarsal. Additionally, the medial capsular ligaments of the first metatarsophalangeal joint would be stretched.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hallux valgus deformity was thought to be caused by a disturbed flexor halluics longus balance at the first metatarsophalageal joint (Glasoe et al, 2010;Snijder et al, 1986). High-heeled shoes change the foot alignment and redistribute the plantar stresses, which might lead to an imbalance of muscle moment especially when external stresses force the hallux to abduct and thus triggering hallux deformity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of heel height on in-shoe localized triaxial stresses

Yan

Cheung

Leung

et al. 2011

Journal of Biomechanics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of heel height on in-shoe localized triaxial stresses

Yan

Cheung

Leung

et al. 2011

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…13 31 demonstrates the action of the forces that take part in this phenomenon and was validated with healthy subjects. The present study was designed to show and quantify in patients the degree of deformation of the foot due to tension in the flexor muscles.…”

Section: Sanders Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Illustration of the biomechanical model of Snijders et al31 on the relation between hallux valgus and splayfoot. A, The resultant flexor force (F m ) and its reaction force in the joint (Frm) together form a couple with the moment M, = Fm·b, because of which the valgus angle tends to increase, B, Equilibrium arises through, e.g., the friction force (FI) from the ground.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Medial Deviation of the First Metatarsal Head as a Result of Flexion Forces in Hallux Valgus

1992

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Several questions with regard to the hallux valgus complex, which includes metatarsus primus varus, give rise to discussion. How do bunions develop? Is disturbed muscle balance at the first metatarsophalangeal joint important in the pathogenesis of the hallux valgus complex? What is the relation between dynamic plantar load distribution and pain in the ball of the foot? What is the cause of recurrences of deformity after surgery? To answer these questions, we started with the biomechanical model of Snijders et al., which states that contraction of flexor muscles of the hallux worsens its valgus angle and causes medial deviation of the first metatarsal head. The present study was designed to validate the model on patients. When pressing the hallux downward, simultaneously the force under the toe and the medial deviation of the first metatarsal head were measured on preoperative patients and on controls (35 subjects in all). We could demonstrate with statistical significance that (1) when the subjects with hallux valgus push the great toe on the ground, the first metatarsal head moved in medial direction; in other words the foot widened. In the controls, as an average, the foot became narrower. (2) The greater the valgus deviation of the hallux, the greater the effect of the toe flexors, and (3) the greater the valgus deviation of the hallux, the less maximal flexion force it can apply. Implications of these findings on conservative and surgical therapy are discussed. The recurrences of deformity after first metatarsal osteotomies are explained by the action of the hallux flexors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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“…These increased pressures could likely increase the irritation and pain generated from the dorsomedial cutaneous nerve found overlying the medial eminence. Some investigators have proposed that the forces developed secondarily from the pes planus could be associated with the development and progression of hallux valgus deformity (12,14,(26)(27)(28)(29). The results of our biomechanical investigation provide limited evidence to support the use of an orthosis for palliative relief.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%