Biomechanics of plant anchorage at early development stage

Crouzy, Benoît; Edmaier, Katharina; Perona, Paolo

doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.07.034

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A similar division of

\frac{F_{r e s}}{F_{m a x}}

data into two regions with respect to F max was also observed by Crouzy et al. (2014) for Avena sativa plants.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The presence of mature plants in the right hand region indicates that older plants can have higher resilience. A similar division of F res F max data into two regions with respect to F max was also observed by Crouzy et al (2014) for Avena sativa plants.…”

Section: 1029/2020jg005782supporting

confidence: 78%

“…Thus, the force drops and their related intertimes assume an autocorrelated “white” noise structure. Moreover, the large force drops and the related intertimesappear to have a correlation structure with a spatial scale comparable to the smallest fluctuation in the process, that is, of the order of the sediment grains (Figures 11a2 and 11b2) (Crouzy et al., 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomechanical Properties and Resistance to Uprooting of Laboratory‐Scale Wood Logs

Bau

Perona

2020

JGR Biogeosciences

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Wood dynamics affects riparian ecosystem functioning and river morphology. The spatial and temporal dynamics of wood pieces in river corridors, in particular of deposited rejuvenated wood logs, depend on their biomechanical properties and resistance to uprooting. The ability of stranded wood logs to withstand drag forces depends on how efficiently their roots have sprouted and on the interarrival time, magnitude, and duration of the moderate floods to which they are subjected. We performed static pullout tests on small-scale wood logs (Salix species) of four different sizes, growth stages, and sediment moisture content. Statistics of root biomass growth rate and related spatial distribution along the trunk reveal important insights for upscaling dynamics. Similarly, force-displacement curves indicate the maximum resistance and related energy for uprooting. Autocorrelation analysis of the sequence of force drops in the force-displacement signal reveals the statistical nature of the mechanism of load redistribution among roots. These results are then used to advance a physically based mathematical model of the resistance of wood log roots to flow-induced drag forces. Given that the magnitude, duration, and return period of hydrologic events are typically correlated, our model implies the existence of windows of opportunity for wood logs to either survive or remobilize.

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“…A similar division of

\frac{F_{r e s}}{F_{m a x}}

data into two regions with respect to F max was also observed by Crouzy et al. (2014) for Avena sativa plants.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: 1029/2020jg005782supporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomechanical Properties and Resistance to Uprooting of Laboratory‐Scale Wood Logs

Bau

Perona

2020

JGR Biogeosciences

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“…As a model for low cohesive riparian sediment, we used quartz sand with a grain size range of 1-1.7 mm (d 50 = 1.35 mm), whereas Avena sativa was selected as prototype vegetation. This species has been used in mobile bed flume experiments before [Perona et al, 2012;Clarke, 2014], and the related anchoring forces have recently been characterized in detail [Edmaier, 2014;Edmaier et al, 2014;Crouzy et al, 2014].…”

Section: Materials and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental characterization of vegetation uprooting by flow

2015

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We investigate vegetation uprooting by flow for Avena sativa seedlings with stem-to-sediment size ratio close to unity and vanishing obstacle-induced scouring. By inducing parallel riverbed erosion within an experimental flume, we measure the time-to-uprooting in relation to root anchoring and flow drag forces. We link the erosion rate to the uprooting timescales for seedlings with varying mean root length. We show that the process of continuous erosion leading to uprooting resembles that of mechanical fatigue where system collapsing occurs after a given exposure time. By this analogy, we also highlight the nonlinear role of the residual root anchoring versus the flow drag acting on the canopy when uprooting occurs. As a generalization, we propose a framework to extend our results to time-dependent erosion rates, which typically occur for real river hydrographs. Finally, we discuss how the characteristic timescale of plant uprooting by flow erosion suggests that vegetation survival is conditioned by multiple erosion events and their interarrival time.

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“…Static uprooting of plants revealed an almost monotonically growing stress-strain curve characterized by a clear elastic response [18,19]. The effect of process noise emerges in the descending phase of the curve as a result of load redistribution among sliding and sequentially tensioned roots, as well as from readjustment of the soil-root matric grains [14, [20][21][22]. In river corridors, plants exposed to flood events are not really pulled out of the soil by hydrodynamic drag forces only, except for seedlings or re-sprouted woody debris at very early stages of growth (named type I uprooting, after Edmaier et al [12]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience of riverbed vegetation to uprooting by flow

Perona

Crouzy

2018

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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Riverine ecosystem biodiversity is largely maintained by ecogeomorphic processes including vegetation renewal via uprooting and recovery times to flow disturbances. Plant roots thus heavily contribute to engineering resilience to perturbation of such ecosystems. We show that vegetation uprooting by flow occurs as a fatigue-like mechanism, which statistically requires a given exposure time to imposed riverbed flow erosion rates before the plant collapses. We formulate a physically based stochastic model for the actual plant rooting depth and the time-to-uprooting, which allows us to define plant resilience to uprooting for generic time-dependent flow erosion dynamics. This theory shows that plant resilience to uprooting depends on the time-to-uprooting and that root mechanical anchoring acts as a process memory stored within the plant–soil system. The model is validated against measured data of time-to-uprooting of Avena sativa seedlings with various root lengths under different flow conditions. This allows for assessing the natural variance of the uprooting-by-flow process and to compute the prediction entropy, which quantifies the relative importance of the deterministic and the random components affecting the process.

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Biomechanics of plant anchorage at early development stage

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Biomechanical Properties and Resistance to Uprooting of Laboratory‐Scale Wood Logs

Biomechanical Properties and Resistance to Uprooting of Laboratory‐Scale Wood Logs

Experimental characterization of vegetation uprooting by flow

Resilience of riverbed vegetation to uprooting by flow

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