Biomedical nanoparticle carriers with combined thermal and magnetic responses

Thermoresponsive polymers are a class of "smart" materials that have the ability to respond to a change in temperature; a property that makes them useful materials in a wide range of applications and consequently attracts much scientific interest. This review focuses mainly on the studies published over the last 10 years on the synthesis and use of thermoresponsive polymers for biomedical applications including drug delivery, tissue engineering and gene delivery. A summary of the main applications is given following the different studies on thermoresponsive polymers which are categorized based on their 3-dimensional structure; hydrogels, interpenetrating networks, micelles, crosslinked micelles, polymersomes, films and particles.

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“…A comprehensive review of combining magnetic particles and thermoresponsive polymers was written recently by Yuan et al [158].…”

Section: Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoresponsive Polymers for Biomedical Applications

2011

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“…The proposed uses include targeted drug-delivery, hyperthermic therapy, magnetic resonance imaging, immunoassays, and for biochemical separation science [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of the Inter-Electrode Distance for the Electrochemical Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Computational Modelling, and Cytotoxicity

Taimoory

Trant

Rahdar

et al. 2017

e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotech.

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Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles, are promising inorganic nanomaterials for future biomedical applications due to their low toxicity and unique magnetic properties. However, the synthesis of these particles can often be expensive, energy intensive, and non-scalable, requiring the addition of surfactants to stabilize the material to control the particle size and avoid agglomeration. We wish to report a simple, green, surfactant-free electrochemical synthesis of these materials using a closed aqueous system at ambient temperature. Particle diameter, between 19 and 33 nm, was controlled by simply modifying the distance between the electrodes. These magnetite nanoparticles were then fully characterized using both spectroscopy and microscopy. Vibrational magnetometry indicates that as the size of the particle decreases, the magnetic hysteretic gap decreases, although for samples below 25 nm no inter-sample difference was observed. To support this experimental data, we carried out a Density Functional Theory (DFT) analysis of magnetite containing more than three iron atoms in the cluster, an essential proposition as magnetite contains three distinct iron species. These calculations were used to support the experimental observations, and closely reproduced both the experimental IR spectrum, and the XRD pattern. In vitro cytotoxicity assays showed dose responsive behavior for the nanoparticles, and demonstrated that they are non-toxic at clinically relevant concentrations; below 200 µg/mL we observed no toxicity in a 48-hour standard assay. This work represents the first DFT based simulation of this detailed magnetite cluster, and demonstrates that this sustainable synthetic method is capable of producing nanomaterials with a physical and biological profile that might make them suitable for biomedical applications.

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“…In the past several decades, an increasing number of temperature-responsive polymers have been reported in the literature for various applications including drug delivery [2][3][4][5], tissue engineering [6][7][8], membrane transfer [9,10], smart clothing fabrication [11], Shape memory polymers [12], etc. Of these temperature-responsive polymers, poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) has the lowest critical solution temperature (LCST) at 33 °C in aqueous solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Thermosensitive Behavior of Polyacrylamide Copolymers and Their Applications in Smart Textiles

Chen

Fang²,

Zhong

et al. 2015

Polymers

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Abstract:We tuned the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of amphiphilic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) via copolymerization with a hydrophilic comonomer of N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide (NHMAAm). A series of copolymers P(NIPAAm-co-NHMAAm) were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using CuBr/(N,N,N',N',N''-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine) (PMDETA) as a catalyst system and 2-bromo ethyl isobutyrate (EBiB) as an initiator. The copolymers were well characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1 H Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The copolymers followed a simple rule in their thermosensitive behaviors and have a linear increase in the LCST as a function of NHMAAm mol%. The thermosensitive properties of the copolymer films were investigated and demonstrated hydrophilic-hydrophobic transitions. Finally, the copolymer was grafted onto cotton fabrics using citric acid (CA) as a crosslinking agent and sodium hypophosphite (SHP) as a catalyst following a two dipping, two padding process. The large number of hydroxyl groups in the copolymer makes grafting convenient and firm. OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2015, 7 910The grafted cotton fabrics show obvious thermosensitive behaviors. The results demonstrate that the cotton fabrics become more hydrophobic when the temperature is higher than the LCST. This study presents a valuable route towards temperature-responsive smart textiles and their potential applications.

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Biomedical nanoparticle carriers with combined thermal and magnetic responses

Cited by 266 publications

References 88 publications

Thermoresponsive Polymers for Biomedical Applications

Thermoresponsive Polymers for Biomedical Applications

Importance of the Inter-Electrode Distance for the Electrochemical Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Computational Modelling, and Cytotoxicity

Synthesis and Thermosensitive Behavior of Polyacrylamide Copolymers and Their Applications in Smart Textiles

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