Biomedical properties and hemostatic efficacy of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based hydrogel in experimental rat liver injury model

Abstract

Purpose: Bleeding is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the trauma and surgery field, using effective hemostatic agents can help us reduce bleeding especially in parenchymal hemorrhage. Nowadays polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is known as a safe candidate for wound dressing and maybe a hemostatic agent. PVA-based hydrogel is a popular biocompatible material in the biomedical field especially when it has high water absorption. In this study, we investigated the PVA hydrogel’s mechanical and biological properties as well as its hemostatic potential in parenchymal bleeding. Methods: PVA hydrogel had made by the freeze-thawing approach, we used PVA hydrogel in comparison to standard treatment to investigate hemostatic potency. Also, we performed MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) tests to survey PVA cellular toxicity. After an acute liver injury, two groups of 12 rats were treated with PVA hydrogel or standard treatment with sterile gauze. The results including the time and volume of bleeding, and the time and survival rate of the rats were measured and compared. Results: We saw that PVA hydrogel was safe with no cellular toxicity in the MTT assay. Regarding efficacy, PVA hydrogel increased rats’ survival after bleeding from 75% to 91.7%, and decreased bleeding time ( p: 0.015), and bleeding volume ( p: 0.03) compared to the control group. Conclusion: Polyvinyl alcohol is safe. It has good biological properties with no cellular toxicity and has a significant hemostatic effect and can be regarded in control of parenchymal hemorrhage.

Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Bovine Serum Albumin Hybrid Hydrogels with Tunable Mechanical Properties

“…Bioadhesivity and mechanical properties provide the required physical strength and support for load-bearing applications. The PVA network obtained through a freezing/thawing procedure has no cytotoxic effects [67]. According to Figures 2 and 9, the PVA hydrogel presents good mechanical properties and an acceptable value of adhesion force.…”

Incorporation of natural and synthetic polymers into honey hydrogel for wound healing: A review

“…69,70 The biocompatibility of PVA extends to its relatively safe and nontoxic properties to fibroblast cells, retaining 80% cell viability post-72 hours of treatment. 71 Its biocompatibility extends further, where it can remain in contact with body tissues for prolonged periods without interacting with the tissues and inducing detrimental immune reactions to the host, exhibiting promising bio-inert levels. In particular, this was demonstrated with fewer to no immune cells (macrophages and giant cells) around the PVA hydrogel particles after 3 months of in vivo tests.…”

“…69 Although the exact role of PVA in bleeding control has yet to be unraveled, the application of PVA hydrogel was shown to significantly reduce the bleeding time (187−108 s), bleeding volume (2.98−1.84 mL) and increased survival (75%−91.7%) in rats. 71 PVA can create crosslinking points T A B L E 4 Summaries of the findings on honey-based hybrid hydrogels.…”

“…within crystalline clusters via repeated freeze-thaw cycles, exhibiting excellent gel-forming characteristics that can crosslink with other polymers and increase the mechanical strength of a hydrogel. 71 PVA's hydrophilicity, although weaker than that in natural polymers, can still maintain moisture and absorb exudates from the wound. 74 Nevertheless, the lack of PVA's biological activity confers limited antimicrobial and cell growth-promoting function, requiring the supplement of additional beneficial composite polymers for hydrogel wound dressing.…”

Antimicrobial Activity of Artemisia dracunculus Oil-Loaded Agarose/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogel for Bio-Applications

“…Herrmann et al in 1924 using the polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) [31]. PVA-based hydrogels are excellent biomaterials due to their superior qualities, such as biocompatibility, absence of cytotoxicity [32,33], rapid biodegradability, insolubility in organic solvents, and mechanical strength [34]. Also, compared to other polymers, PVA-based hydrogels function as barriers against gases and show increased resistance to oils, fats, and solvents [35].…”