Biomedical Waste Management and Its Importance: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The waste generated in various hospitals and healthcare facilities, including the waste of industries, can be grouped under biomedical waste (BMW). The constituents of this type of waste are various infectious and hazardous materials. This waste is then identified, segregated, and treated scientifically. There is an inevitable need for healthcare professionals to have adequate knowledge and a proper attitude towards BMW and its management. BMW generated can either be solid or liquid waste comprising infectious or potentially infectious materials, such as medical, research, or laboratory waste. There is a high possibility that inappropriate management of BMW can cause infections to healthcare workers, the patients visiting the facilities, and the surrounding environment and community. BMW can also be classified into general, pathological, radioactive, chemical, infectious, sharps, pharmaceuticals, or pressurized wastes. India has well-established rules for the proper handling and management of BMW. Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016 (BMWM Rules, 2016) specify that every healthcare facility shall take all necessary steps to ensure that BMW is handled without any adverse effect on human and environmental health. This document contains six schedules, including the category of BMW, the color coding and type of containers, and labels for BMW containers or bags, which should be non-washable and visible. A label for the transportation of BMW containers, the standard for treatment and disposal, and the schedule for waste treatment facilities such as incinerators and autoclaves are included in the schedule. The new rules established in India are meant to improve the segregation, transportation, disposal methods, and treatment of BMW. This proper management is intended to decrease environmental pollution because, if not managed properly, BMW can cause air, water, and land pollution. Collective teamwork with committed government support in finance and infrastructure development is a very important requirement for the effective disposal of BMW. Devoted healthcare workers and facilities are also significant. Further, the proper and continuous monitoring of BMW is a vital necessity. Therefore, developing environmentally friendly methods and the right plan and protocols for the disposal of BMW is very important to achieve a goal of a green and clean environment. The aim of this review article is to provide systematic evidence-based information along with a comprehensive study of BMW in an organized manner.

Management of Biomedical Waste in the South of the Democratic Republic Congo: Current Situation

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Navigating Challenges in Biomedical Waste Management in India: A Narrative Review

“…The management of biomedical waste is important for safeguarding both public health and environmental integrity, owing to the inherent hazards tied to the inadequate management of waste originating from healthcare establishments. In India, a rapidly growing healthcare industry coupled with increasing public health concerns has necessitated the implementation of effective BMWM practices [ 28 ].…”

Simulation clinic waste audit assessment and recommendations at the University of Washington School of Dentistry

“…Biomedical waste from healthcare is a substantial contributor to its carbon footprint, and management of this waste is essential to minimize air and groundwater contamination. 7 The global outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus also greatly increased biomedical waste generation, due to the use of enhanced personal protective equipment (PPE) and increased emphasis on infection control. 8 As such, it is critical for dental professionals to target environmental sustainability.…”

“…The practice of dentistry generates many forms of hazardous waste and uses a myriad of disposable items. Biomedical waste from healthcare is a substantial contributor to its carbon footprint, and management of this waste is essential to minimize air and groundwater contamination 7 . The global outbreak of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus also greatly increased biomedical waste generation, due to the use of enhanced personal protective equipment (PPE) and increased emphasis on infection control 8 .…”