Biomedically-relevant metal organic framework-hydrogel composites

Abstract

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are incredibly versatile three-dimensional porous materials with a wide range of applications that arise from their well-defined coordination structures, high surface areas and porosities, as well...

Metal–organic gels: recent advances in their classification, characterization, and application in the pharmaceutical field

“…''MOGs formed by MOFs and polymers'' are heterogeneous gels formed by MOFs and polymer gelling agents via physical mixing, covalent conjugation, or in situ growth. 26 Physical mixing is a simple and effective method to form a uniform MOG system by thoroughly mixing a polymer pre-gel and MOF particles. For example, a MOG (2D Ni-Fe MOF/PVA composite hydrogels) was prepared by directly mixing a 2D Ni-Fe MOF with poly(vinyl alcohol).…”

Metal-Organic Frameworks Applications in Synergistic Cancer Photo-Immunotherapy

“…Although studies on improving mechanical stability are scarce, the functional groups of organic ligands appear to have an impact MOF mechanical stability [ 50 , 77 ]. Recent advances in MOF-hydrogel composites may provide a solution for improving MOF stability, not only for biomedical applications but also in other sectors [ 78 ]. Nonetheless, a better understanding of the factors influencing structural stability has resulted in the growing development of more stable MOFs and the expansion of many applications [ 50 ].…”

MOF–Thermogel Composites for Differentiated and Sustained Dual Drug Delivery

“…Composites. While different methods of preparing MOFhydrogel hybrids have been reported, 21 we adopted the simplest method for this study, where presynthesized MOFs were simply suspended in water before the addition of the thermogelling polymer. This method ensured the control of MOF size, morphology, and porosity using well-established synthesis procedures and can allow preloading of different drugs into the MOF cavities from those in the bulk hydrogel for differential release (vide infra).…”

“…This is a challenge for traditional hydrogels due to their innate hydrophilicity. Therefore, such composite hydrogels provide an additional control knob to tailor release kinetics, bioavailability, and biodistribution. , In this respect, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offer much potential as an additive material in hydrogel depots to modulate drug release: their high porosities have allowed record-breaking drug loadings to be achieved, while their ease of bottom-up design allows their structures to be tailored for the shape, size, and chemical functionality of drug molecules. − Indeed, MOF-hydrogel composites have gained considerable interest as a hybrid material in the past decade as the high water content, tissue mimicry, and biocompatibility of hydrogels facilitate the facile delivery of MOF in the body, as well as enhance the chemical and colloidal stability of the MOF additives. , Despite these advantages, the chemical-cross-linked nature of many polymeric hydrogels make them structurally rigid and difficult to administer as a drug depot. This drawback has stimulated the development of temperature-responsive hydrogels, otherwise known as thermogels, which can undergo reversible and spontaneous sol–gel transition when warmed. − Unlike chemically cross-linked gels, thermogels gelate through the hierarchical supramolecular self-assembly of their constituent amphiphilic polymers without the need for additional chemical cross-linkers, driven largely by the hydrophobic effect in water.…”

“…15,16 In this respect, metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) offer much potential as an additive material in hydrogel depots to modulate drug release: their high porosities have allowed record-breaking drug loadings to be achieved, 17 while their ease of bottom-up design allows their structures to be tailored for the shape, size, and chemical functionality of drug molecules. 18−20 Indeed, MOF-hydrogel composites have gained considerable interest as a hybrid material in the past decade as the high water content, tissue mimicry, and biocompatibility of hydrogels facilitate the facile delivery of MOF in the body, 21 as well as enhance the chemical and colloidal stability of the MOF additives. 22,23 Despite these advantages, the chemical-cross-linked nature of many polymeric hydrogels 24 make them structurally rigid and difficult to administer as a drug depot.…”