“…Engineering modifications can enhance the biological properties such as tumor-targeting and immunogenicity, thus increasing drug accumulation in tumor or enhancing the effect of immunotherapy against tumor. In addition, drawbacks of the synthetic materials (e.g., low biocompatibility, accumulation in immune cells other than the tumor cells) can be resolved through this combination of cellular components and nanomaterials ( Zeng et al, 2022 ; Zhang et al, 2023 ). Therefore, the engineering of cell-originated biomimetic materials is an advanced strategy to develop innovative, biocompatible, and multifunctional biomaterials with translational potentials in tumor therapy.…”