Biomethylation of Arsenic in an Arsenic-rich Freshwater Environment

Kaise, Toshikazu; Ogura, Mitsuo; Nozaki, Takao; Saitoh, Kazuhisa; Sakurai, Takeshi; Matsubara, Chiyo; Watanabe, Chuichi; Hanaoka, Ken’ichi

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0739(199704)11:4<297::aid-aoc584>3.0.co;2-0

Cited by 61 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Kaise et al (1997) found that the major arsenic species present in four different species of freshwater fish were TMA compounds (55.5-78.4% of total arsenic) followed by DMA (0.8.-43.2% of total arsenic). Slejkovec et al (2004) investigated nine different freshwater fish species belonging to four different families and found the major organic arsenic species in salmonids was AsB (92-100% of extractable arsenic) and in burbot (Lota lota) was DMA (75% of extractable arsenic).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic concentration and speciation in five freshwater fish species from Back Bay near Yellowknife, NT, CANADA

Rosemond

Xie

Liber

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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The concentration of total arsenic and five different arsenic species [As(III), As(V), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsenic acid (DMA), and arsenobetaine (AsB)], were measured in the muscle, liver and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of five different fish species [lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), walleye (Stizostedion vitreum), northern pike (Esox lucius), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) and longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus)] from Back Bay, Great Slave Lake, near the city of Yellowknife, NT, Canada. The total concentration (dry weight) of arsenic in muscle ranged from 0.57 to 1.15 mg/kg, in the liver from 0.42 to 2.52 mg/kg and in the GIT from 1.48 to 8.92 mg/kg. Among fish species, C. commersoni had significantly higher total arsenic concentrations in the GIT than S. vitreum, E. lucius and C. clupeaformis, and higher total arsenic concentrations in the liver than C. clupeaformis. The mean concentration of As(III) and As(V) in the muscle of all fish ranged from < or =0.01 to 0.05 mg/kg and < or =0.01 to 0.02 mg/kg, respectively, and together comprised < or =7.5% of the total arsenic measured in muscle. The concentrations of MMA were below detection in the muscle of all five fish species. However, AsB and DMA were measured in all fish species and nearly all fish tissues. The concentrations of AsB ranged from 0.01 to 0.13 mg/kg and the concentrations of DMA ranged from <0.02 to 0.45 mg/kg. The majority (>50%) of organic arsenic in almost all of the tissues from fish caught in Back Bay was not directly identified. Evidence from the literature suggests that most of these other organic arsenic species were likely trimethylated arsenic compounds, however, further analytical work would need to be performed to verify this hypothesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic concentration and speciation in five freshwater fish species from Back Bay near Yellowknife, NT, CANADA

Rosemond

Xie

Liber

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Total As Yamaoka et al (1996) As(V), DMA Kaise et al (1997) Coccolithus huxleyi Total As, As(III), As(V), MMA, DMA Andreae and Klumpp (1979) As(III), As(V), DMA, MMA, TMA Ohki et al (1999) Cricosphaera carteri Total As, As(III), As(V), MMA, DMA Andreae and Klumpp (1979) As ( Total As Takimura et al (1990) Chlorella sp. Total As, As(III), As(V) Knauer and Hemond (2000) Total As Yamaoka et al (1990) As(III), As(V) Ohki and Maeda (2001) As(III), As(V) Takimura et al (1996) As(III), As(V), MMA, DMA, PO 4 -sug Levy et al (2005) Total As Yamaoka et al (1996) Chlamydomonas reinhardtii As(III), As(V), DMA Kaise et al (1999) Dunaliella tertiolecta As(III), As(V), DMA, MMA, Arsenolipids Wrench and Addison (1981) As(III), As(V), DMAA(V) Fujiwara et al (2000) Total As, MMA, DMA, Gly-sug, PO 4 -sug,…”

Section: Chattonella Antiquamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Monoraphidium arcuatum) cells, suggesting that bioaccumulation and subsequent methylation may not be the primary mode of detoxification. In fact, based on the previous studies on the microalgal As methylation, methylated arsenic species generally play a limited role in the transformation of As in microalgae, as these species only accounts for a small proportion (0-5 %) of the total As (Cullen et al 1994;Kaise et al 1997;Takimura et al 1990;Wang et al 2013b;Yamaoka et al 1990).…”

Section: Arsenic Methylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of arsenic speciation, toxicity and metabolism in microalgae

Wang

et al. 2015

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

165

100

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Arsenic is a toxic metalloid and its pollution has become a global environmental problem. This paper reviewed the current knowledge on the speciation, toxicity and metabolism of arsenic in microalgae. A number of arsenic species are present in various microalgae. Due to the great toxicity of inorganic arsenic, microalgae may undergo different processes to reduce the arsenic toxicity, including cell surface binding, arsenite [As(III)] oxidation, arsenate [As(V)] reduction, methylation, transformation into arsenosugars or arsenolipids, chelation of As(III) with glutathione and phytochelatins, as well as excretion from cells. Several genes and enzymes involved in arsenic transformations have been identified and characterized. Many factors, especially nutrient elements (e.g., nitrogen and phosphorus) in cells and in culture, affect arsenic metabolic pathways of microalgae. Arsenic metabolism in the unicellular algae has gained considerable interest because these processes control not only the effectiveness of arsenic phycoremediation, but also the risk of arsenic contamination in algal products. Future research need to focus on (1) the regulative mechanisms of arsenic absorption, biotransformation and excretion at molecular level; (2) the effects of intracellular nutrient dynamics on arsenic speciation; (3) the impacts of culture regime on the arsenic metabolism in microalgae; (4) the transfer of arsenic species across aquatic food web in order to better evaluate the roles of microalgae in arsenic cycling.

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“…34 However, the majority of organoarsenicals in marine sediments are likely to be derived from marine organisms, because only small amounts of arsenic can be methylated in freshwater organisms. 35,36 One or two unidentified organoarsenicals have been found in sediments, and three or four such species in plankton samples were thought to include arsenosugars, which are the major form of arsenic in macroalgae 9,37 and phytoplanktons.…”

Section: Organoarsenicals In Surface Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and fate of biologically formed organoarsenicals in coastal marine sediment

Takeuchi

Terada

Nanba

et al. 2005

Appl. Organometal. Chem.

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Marine organisms, including phyto-and zoo-plankton, macroalgae, and animals, concentrate arsenic in various organic forms. However, the distribution and fate of these organoarsenicals in marine environments remains unclear. In this study, the distribution of organoarsenicals in coastal marine sediment in Otsuchi Bay, Japan, has been determined. Methylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, trimethylarsine oxide, arsenobetaine, arsenocholine and other unidentified arsenic species were detected in marine sediment by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis of methanol-water extracts. Arsenobetaine was the dominant organoarsenical at four of the seven stations where tests were carried out, and unidentified species or dimethylarsinic acid dominated at the other stations. Total organoarsenicals (as arsenic) in the surface sediment amounted to 10.6-47.5 µg kg −1 dry sediment. Core analysis revealed that concentrations of organoarsenicals decreased with depth, and they are considered to be degraded within 60 years of deposition. These results show that organoarsenicals formed by marine organisms are delivered to the sediment and can be degraded within several decades.

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Biomethylation of Arsenic in an Arsenic-rich Freshwater Environment

Cited by 61 publications

References 40 publications

Arsenic concentration and speciation in five freshwater fish species from Back Bay near Yellowknife, NT, CANADA

Arsenic concentration and speciation in five freshwater fish species from Back Bay near Yellowknife, NT, CANADA

Review of arsenic speciation, toxicity and metabolism in microalgae

Distribution and fate of biologically formed organoarsenicals in coastal marine sediment

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