Biomimetic 4D printing

Gladman, A. Sydney; Matsumoto, Elisabetta A.; Nuzzo, Ralph G.; Mahadevan, L.; Lewis, Jennifer A.

doi:10.1038/nmat4544

Cited by 2,518 publications

(1,397 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Designing shape‐morphing materials has become a major scientific challenge, with implications ranging from soft robotics1, 2, 3 to realizing the full potential of artificial molecular machines 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. The variety of movements seen in the plant and animal kingdoms have provided inspiration for the engineering of soft robots of all kinds,9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and in particular, the realization that plant mechanics often rely on dynamic helical systems15, 16, 17, 18, 19 has motivated the development of a variety of chiral actuators where molecules were used either as active transducers of energy11, 13, 20, 21 or as relays for humidity or temperature changes 22, 23, 24, 25.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Power Actuation from Molecular Photoswitches in Enantiomerically Paired Soft Springs

et al. 2017

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Motion in plants often relies on dynamic helical systems as seen in coiling tendrils, spasmoneme springs, and the opening of chiral seedpods. Developing nanotechnology that would allow molecular‐level phenomena to drive such movements in artificial systems remains a scientific challenge. Herein, we describe a soft device that uses nanoscale information to mimic seedpod opening. The system exploits a fundamental mechanism of stimuli‐responsive deformation in plants, namely that inflexible elements with specific orientations are integrated into a stimuli‐responsive matrix. The device is operated by isomerization of a light‐responsive molecular switch that drives the twisting of strips of liquid‐crystal elastomers. The strips twist in opposite directions and work against each other until the pod pops open from stress. This mechanism allows the photoisomerization of molecular switches to stimulate rapid shape changes at the macroscale and thus to maximize actuation power.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Power Actuation from Molecular Photoswitches in Enantiomerically Paired Soft Springs

et al. 2017

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“…Improved mechanical properties and biological properties Cartilage [91] Fiber 3D plotting Acrylamide Cellulose short fibril Anisotropic swelling behaviors 4D printing [92] 3D plotting Alginate PLA continuous nanofiber Improved mechanical properties and biological properties Cartilage [93] Casting + 3D plotting PEGDGE, Acrylamide PU continuous microfiber Improved mechanical properties General [94] 3D plotting Alginate, Acrylamide Emax (UV-curable epoxy)…”

Section: Improved Radiopacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fiber reinforcements can also improve mechanical properties of hydrogel matrix in which the fiber contents and its distribution inside its matrix determine mechanical properties such as stiffness and strength of composites [92][93][94][95] . In the case of common 3D printing systems, short fiber reinforcements are the most commonly used due to its easy processing procedure at low cost.…”

Section: Fiber-reinforced Hydrogel Composites 3d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printing of hydrogel composite systems: Recent advances in technology for tissue engineering

Jang¹,

Jung²,

Pan³

et al. 2024

IJB

193

117

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing of hydrogels is now an attractive area of research due to its capability to fabricate intricate, complex and highly customizable scaffold structures that can support cell adhesion and promote cell infiltration for tissue engineering. However, pure hydrogels alone lack the necessary mechanical stability and are too easily degraded to be used as printing ink. To overcome this problem, significant progress has been made in the 3D printing of hydrogel composites with improved mechanical performance and biofunctionality. Herein, we provide a brief overview of existing hydrogel composite 3D printing techniques including laser based-3D printing, nozzle based-3D printing, and inkjet printer based-3D printing systems. Based on the type of additives, we will discuss four main hydrogel composite systems in this review: polymer-or hydrogel-hydrogel composites, particle-reinforced hydrogel composites, fiber-reinforced hydrogel composites, and anisotropic filler-reinforced hydrogel composites. Additionally, several emerging potential applications of hydrogel composites in the field of tissue engineering and their accompanying challenges are discussed in parallel.

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“…However, recent work by the Lewis group at Harvard's Wyss Institute (Fig. 8) has taken this work into another elegant dimension, deriving mathematical models that allow the construction of arbitrary-curved shapes through the precise control of cellulose fibre direction, given by the path of an extrusion-based 3D printer [190].…”

Section: Reproducing Positioning and Orientationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphing in nature and beyond: a review of natural and synthetic shape-changing materials and mechanisms

2016

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Shape-changing materials open an entirely new solution space for a wide range of disciplines: from architecture that responds to the environment and medical devices that unpack inside the body, to passive sensors and novel robotic actuators. While synthetic shape-changing materials are still in their infancy, studies of biological morphing materials have revealed key paradigms and features which underlie efficient natural shape-change. Here, we review some of these insights and how they have been, or may be, translated to artificial solutions. We focus on soft matter due to its prevalence in nature, compatibility with users and potential for novel design. Initially, we review examples of natural shape-changing materials-skeletal muscle, tendons and plant tissues-and compare with synthetic examples with similar methods of operation. Stimuli to motion are outlined in general principle, with examples of their use and potential in manufactured systems. Anisotropy is identified as a crucial element in directing shape-change to fulfil designed tasks, and some manufacturing routes to its achievement are highlighted. We conclude with potential directions for future work, including the simultaneous development of materials and manufacturing techniques and the hierarchical combination of effects at multiple length scales.

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Biomimetic 4D printing

Cited by 2,518 publications

References 32 publications

High‐Power Actuation from Molecular Photoswitches in Enantiomerically Paired Soft Springs

High‐Power Actuation from Molecular Photoswitches in Enantiomerically Paired Soft Springs

3D printing of hydrogel composite systems: Recent advances in technology for tissue engineering

Morphing in nature and beyond: a review of natural and synthetic shape-changing materials and mechanisms

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