Biomimetic Approaches to “Transparent” Photovoltaics: Current and Future Applications

Abstract

There has been a surge in the interest for (semi)transparent photovoltaics (sTPVs) in recent years, since the more traditional, opaque, devices are not ideally suited for a variety of innovative applications spanning from smart and self-powered windows for buildings to those for vehicle integration. Additional requirements for these photovoltaic applications are a high conversion efficiency (despite the necessary compromise to achieve a degree of transparency) and an aesthetically pleasing design. One potential realm to explore in the attempt to meet such challenges is the biological world, where evolution has led to highly efficient and fascinating light-management structures. In this mini-review, we explore some of the biomimetic approaches that can be used to improve both transparent and semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, such as moth-eye inspired structures for improved performance and stability or tunable, coloured, and semi-transparent devices inspired by beetles’ cuticles. Lastly, we briefly discuss possible future developments for bio-inspired and potentially bio-compatible sTPVs.

Fabrication of Moth-Eye Structures with Precisely Controlled Shapes by Nanoimprinting Using Anodic Porous Alumina Molds

“…4,5 These tapered projection patterns are called moth-eye structures because they resemble the structure found on the surface of a moth's eye, and they are expected to be applied to various optical devices such as displays, lenses, and solar cells. [6][7][8][9][10] Various methods have been reported for the fabrication of moth-eye structures, including electron beam lithography, particle lithography, and a combination of the use of thermally dewetted metal masks and dry etching. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Since the antireflective properties of the moth-eye structure depend on its geometrical structure, it is important to control the shape of the moth-eye structure on the nanometer scale to optimize its antireflection properties.…”