Biomimetic component coating on 3D scaffolds using high bioactivity of mesoporous bioactive ceramics

Abstract

Background Mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) are very attractive materials for use in bone tissue regeneration because of their extraordinarily high bone-forming bioactivity in vitro. That is, MBGs may induce the rapid formation of hydroxy apatite (HA) in simulated body fluid (SBF), which is a major inorganic component of bone extracellular matrix (ECM) and comes with both good osteoconductivity and high affinity to adsorb proteins. Meanwhile, the high bioactivity of MBGs may lead to an abrupt initial local pH variation during the initial Ca ion-leaching from MBGs at the initial transplant stage, which may induce unexpected negative effects on using them in in vivo application. In this study we suggest a new way of using MBGs in bone tissue regeneration that can improve the strength and make up for the weakness of MBGs. We applied the outstanding bone-forming bioactivity of MBG to coat the main ECM components HA and collagen on the MBG-polycarplolactone (PCL) composite scaffolds for improving their function as bone scaffolds in tissue regeneration. This precoating process can also expect to reduce initial local pH variation of MBGs. Methods and materials The MBG-PCL scaffolds were immersed in the mixed solution of the collagen and SBF at 37°C for 24 hours. The coating of ECM components on the MBG-PCL scaffolds and the effect of ECM coating on in vitro cell behaviors were confirmed. Results The ECM components were fully coated on MBG-PCL scaffolds after immersing in SBF containing dilute collagen-I solution only for 24 hours due to the high bone-forming bioactivity of MBG. Both cell affinity and osteoconductivity of MBG-PCL scaffolds were dramatically enhanced by this precoating process. Conclusion The precoating process of ECM components on MBG-PCL scaffold using a high bioactivity of MBG was not only effective in enhancing the functionality of scaffolds but also effective in eliminating the unexpected side effect. The MBG-PCL scaffold-coated ECM components ideally satisfied the required conditions of scaffold in tissue engineering, including 3D well-interconnected pore structures with high porosity, good bioactivity, enhanced cell affinity, biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and sufficient mechanical properties, and promise excellent potential application in the field of biomaterials.

Silica nanoparticles increase human adipose tissue-derived stem cell proliferation through ERK1/2 activation

“…30 Protein adsorption is also enhanced on nanostructured silicon, 31 and nano-features increase the formation and adhesive strength of fibroblast cells. 32 Silica-based scaffolds 33 and coated plates 34 have hydrophilic properties. When we examined the interaction of silica-NP or silica-MP with ADSCs, only silica NPs entered the cells and some were clustered in the vesicles, suggesting that silica NPs enter the cells in part through endocytosis.…”

Drug-Loaded Biomimetic Ceramics for Tissue Engineering

“…Biomaterials, “implantable materials that perform their function in contact with living tissues”, are one of the pillars of the tissue engineering field [2]. They are commonly used to replace and restore the function of damaged tissues, and must fulfill a set of requirements, such as biocompatibility and mechanical stability, to ensure adequate performance [3,4]. There are four main families of biomaterials that can be used as tissue engineering scaffolds, classified based on their chemical composition as metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites (composed by a mixture of two of the above mentioned types).…”

“…The combination of macroporous bioactive glasses with inert polymers, such as polycaprolactone (PCL), obtained by additive manufacturing, improved the mechanical properties of both components. The coating of these scaffolds with collagen–HAp promoted high osteoconductivity [4].…”

Approaches for building bioactive elements into synthetic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

“…The present review focuses on summarizing various approaches employed for building biomimetic elements into synthetic materials. While functionalization strategies do exist for metals, 27, 28,29 ceramics 30,31 and bioactive glass scaffolds 32,33,34,35 for BTE, this review primarily focuses on polymeric scaffolds for BTE. This review classifies these approaches broadly under two distinct schemes; namely, the top-down approach and the bottom-up approach.…”