Biomimetic membranes: A review

Shen, Yue; Saboe, Patrick O.; Sines, Ian T.; Erbakan, Mustafa; Kumar, Manish

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2013.12.019

Cited by 332 publications

(290 citation statements)

References 205 publications

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“…1) (30) as an excellent architecture for artificial water channels, and we present data for their single-channel permeability and selfassembly properties. Nonpeptide pillar [5]arene derivatives were among first-generation artificial water channels (1,23). Pillar [5]arene derivatives, including the one used in this study, have a pore of ∼5 Å in diameter and are excellent templates for functionalization into tubular structures (31)(32)(33)(34).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…S18). This will offset the high water permeability of AQPs, even if a membrane is very densely packed with AQPs, such as in 2D crystals (1,45). Taking into account the crosssectional areas of the PAP channel (3.0 nm 2 ), AQP1 (9.0 nm 2 ) (50), and CNTs (2.1 nm 2 ) (12, 51), the single-channel permeability of the PAP channel per cross-sectional area is similar to that of the most water-permeable AQPs and CNTs (SI Appendix, Fig.…”

Section: Comparison Of Pap Channels With Aqps and Cntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T he discovery of the high water and gas permeability of aquaporins (AQPs) and the development of artificial analogs, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have led to an explosion in studies aimed at incorporating such channels into materials and devices for applications that use their unique transport properties (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Areas of application include liquid and gas separations (10)(11)(12)(13), drug delivery and screening (14), DNA recognition (15), and sensors (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, their use in large-scale applications has been hampered by difficulties in producing CNTs with subnanometer pore diameters and fabricating membranes in which the CNTs are vertically aligned (4). AQPs also efficiently conduct water across membranes (∼3 billion molecules per second) (17) and are therefore being studied intensively for their use in biomimetic membranes for water purification and other applications (1,2,18). The largescale applications of AQPs is complicated by the high cost of membrane protein production, their low stability, and challenges in membrane fabrication (1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Artificial water channels, bioinspired analogs of AQPs created using synthetic chemistry (19), ideally have a structure that forms a water-permeable channel in the center and an outer surface that is compatible with a lipid membrane environment (1). Interest in artificial water channels has grown in recent years, following decades of research and focus on synthetic ion channels (19).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Highly permeable artificial water channels that can self-assemble into two-dimensional arrays

Shen

Wen

Erbakan

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Bioinspired artificial water channels aim to combine the high permeability and selectivity of biological aquaporin (AQP) water channels with chemical stability. Here, we carefully characterized a class of artificial water channels, peptide-appended pillar [5]arenes (PAPs). The average single-channel osmotic water permeability for PAPs is 1.0(±0.3) × 10 −14 cm 3 /s or 3.5(±1.0) × 10 8 water molecules per s, which is in the range of AQPs (3.4∼40.3 × 10 8 water molecules per s) and their current synthetic analogs, carbon nanotubes (CNTs, 9.0 × 10 8 water molecules per s). This permeability is an order of magnitude higher than first-generation artificial water channels (20 to ∼10 7 water molecules per s). Furthermore, within lipid bilayers, PAP channels can self-assemble into 2D arrays. Relevant to permeable membrane design, the pore density of PAP channel arrays (∼2.6 × 10 5 pores per μm 2 ) is two orders of magnitude higher than that of CNT membranes (0.1∼2.5 × 10 3 pores per μm 2 ). PAP channels thus combine the advantages of biological channels and CNTs and improve upon them through their relatively simple synthesis, chemical stability, and propensity to form arrays.artificial aquaporins | artificial water channels | peptide-appended pillar [5]arene | single-channel water permeability | two-dimensional arrays T he discovery of the high water and gas permeability of aquaporins (AQPs) and the development of artificial analogs, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have led to an explosion in studies aimed at incorporating such channels into materials and devices for applications that use their unique transport properties (1-9). Areas of application include liquid and gas separations (10-13), drug delivery and screening (14), DNA recognition (15), and sensors (16). CNTs are promising channels because they conduct water and gas three to four orders of magnitude faster than predicted by conventional Hagen-Poiseuille flow theory (11). However, their use in large-scale applications has been hampered by difficulties in producing CNTs with subnanometer pore diameters and fabricating membranes in which the CNTs are vertically aligned (4). AQPs also efficiently conduct water across membranes (∼3 billion molecules per second) (17) and are therefore being studied intensively for their use in biomimetic membranes for water purification and other applications (1, 2, 18). The largescale applications of AQPs is complicated by the high cost of membrane protein production, their low stability, and challenges in membrane fabrication (1).Artificial water channels, bioinspired analogs of AQPs created using synthetic chemistry (19), ideally have a structure that forms a water-permeable channel in the center and an outer surface that is compatible with a lipid membrane environment (1). Interest in artificial water channels has grown in recent years, following decades of research and focus on synthetic ion channels (19). However, two fundamental questions remain: (i) Can artificial channels approach the permeability and selectivity of AQP water chan...

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Pap Channels With Aqps and Cntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly permeable artificial water channels that can self-assemble into two-dimensional arrays

Shen

Wen

Erbakan

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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165

246

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Mechanical Solid–Liquid Separation

Anlauf

2021

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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The separation of a suspension into its continuous liquid and disperse solid phase can be realized principally by thermal or mechanical means, whereby the emphasis is put here on the mechanical separation methods. Mechanical solid–liquid separation represents a cross‐sectional technology and is relevant for a range of particle sizes from some millimeters down to some nanometers. One can distinguish systematically into density separation processes, such as sedimentation and flotation; filtration processes, such as depth filtration, cake, cross‐flow, and sieve/blocking filtration; and processes that are using electric or magnetic properties of the particles. The huge variety of solid–liquid separation apparatuses and machines can be classified clearly by a physically based scheme. Various special tasks can be in the center of interest, such as thickening, clarification, deliquoring, washing, three‐phase separation and extraction, sorting, and classification. Several measures are available to enhance the basic separation processes, such as mechanical–thermal hybrid processes, batchwise or continuously operating processes, apparatus combinations, and slurry pretreatment. Last but not least, far important aspects of progress in solid–liquid separation technology can be summed up under the keyword digitalization and simulation. Most modern methods of numerical simulation enable to create digital twins of separation apparatuses, which can be used in many different ways.

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