Biomimetic Mineralized Fiber Bundle‐Inspired Scaffolding Surface on Polyetheretherketone Implants Promotes Osseointegration

Abstract

The stress shielding effect caused by traditional metal implants is circumvented by using polyetheretherketone (PEEK), due to its excellent mechanical properties; however, the biologically inert nature of PEEK limits its application. Endowing PEEK with biological activity to promote osseointegration would increase its applicability for bone replacement implants. A biomimetic study is performed, inspired by mineralized collagen fiber bundles that contact bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) on the native trabecular bone surface. The PEEK surface (P) is first sulfonated with sulfuric acid to form a porous network structure (sP). The surface is then encapsulated with amorphous hydroxyapatite (HA) by magnetron sputtering to form a biomimetic scaffold that resembles mineralized collagen fiber bundles (sPHA). Amorphous HA simulates the composition of osteogenic regions in vivo and exhibits strong biological activity. In vitro results show that more favorable cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation can be attained with the novelsurface of sPHA than with SP. The results of in vivo experiments show that sPHA exhibits osteoinductive and osteoconductive activity and facilitates bone formation and osseointegration. Therefore, the surface modification strategy can significantly improve the biological activity of PEEK, facilitate effective osseointegration, and inspire further bionic modification of other inert polymers similar to PEEK.

Hydrophobic Coating Platforms for High‐Efficiency Loading and Direct Transmembrane Delivery of Fat‐Soluble Osteogenic Drug for Enhanced Osseointegration of Titanium Implants

“…These fluorescent dyes can be used to label newly formed bone and provide a means for visualizing and quantifying bone formation. [32] Observation of Paraffin Sections Stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE): According to the national standard (GB/T 16 886.11-2011), 8-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into Ti group and VD 3 @O 24h group, and the material extract of each group was given by gavage with 16# gavage needle, 1 ml once a day. After 14 days of continuous intragastric administration, the heart, liver, spleen, and kidney of rats were collected, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, dehydrated and embedded, paraffin sections were made, and the tissue changes of each organ were observed with Hematoxylin and eosin (HE)staining.…”

Strategies to improve the performance of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as orthopedic implants: from surface modification to addition of bioactive materials

“…Low cost, simple operation, can introduce a large number of functional groups, with certain antibacterial ability. [45][46][47][48][49][50][51] Residual sulfuric acid as well as newly generated sulfonate groups, oxygen radicals, sulfur dioxide and its derivatives can damage cells and DNA. 41,44…”

“…46 However, the water contact angle of sulfonated PEEK alone was 107.571 AE 3.521, which was greater than that of PEEK (91.831 AE 3.101). 47 In contrast, the hydrophilic angle can be reduced from 112.51 AE 2.51 to 201 AE 21 by attaching the HA coating to SPEEK. 48 In addition to inorganic materials, natural bioactive substances can also bind well to the sulfonated surface.…”

Fabrication and Functional Regulation of Biomimetic Interfaces and Their Antifouling and Antibacterial Applications: A Review

“…[104] For example, in order to break through the limitation of the application of traditional metal implants in bone-like tissue caused by the biological inertia of polyether ether ketone (PEEK), PEEK was encapsulated on the surface of HA by the magnetron sputtering technology to improve its biological activity. [105] The light-cured HA paste developed by Cho et al [106] could improve the cell adhesion and proliferation on the surface of porous HA scaffolds, which showed potential application of the bone tissue regeneration. As shown in Figure 7a, porous HA scaffolds were biomineralized with the simulated body fluid (SBF) solution to enhance the cellular response of HA scaffolds in vitro.…”