Biomimetic nanoparticles targeting atherosclerosis for diagnosis and therapy

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a typical chronic inflammatory vascular disease that seriously endangers human health. At present, oral lipid‐lowering or anti‐inflammatory drugs are clinically used to inhibit the development of atherosclerosis. However, traditional oral drug treatments have problems such as low utilization, slow response, and serious side effects. Traditional nanodrug delivery systems are difficult to interactively recognize by normal biological organisms, and it is difficult to target the delivery of drugs to target lesions. Therefore, building a biomimetic nanodrug delivery system with targeted drug delivery based on the pathological characteristics of atherosclerosis is the key to achieving efficient and safe treatment of atherosclerosis. In this review, various nanodrug delivery systems that can target atherosclerosis are summarized and discussed. In addition, the future prospects and challenges of its clinical translation are also discussed.

Doxorubicin-Loaded Microalgal Delivery System for Combined Chemotherapy and Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy of Osteosarcoma

“…Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor affecting children and adolescents. − The traditional therapy for OS is surgical resection combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. − However, chemotherapy is generally accompanied by severe side-effects, poor prognosis, and poor survival. , Moreover, tumor hypoxia, as one of the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), severely limited the therapeutic efficiency oxygen-related tumor therapies, such as radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy. − Tumor hypoxia also often associated with tumor invasion, metastasis, and recurrence. , Currently, nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems have been developed to solve these problems. − Such nanodrug delivery systems are able to integrate various functions of targeting, therapeutics, and imaging within a single platform. − Furthermore, oxygen-carrying nanoplatforms were employed as oxygen shuttles to deliver oxygen and relieve tumor hypoxia. , Despite these advantages, these materials are intensively stuck with complex synthetic procedures, high cost, and unexpected toxicity, limiting their use in biological applications. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new strategies for OS treatment with fewer side-effects, higher efficacy, lower cost, and multifunctionality.…”

Multipathway Regulation for Targeted Atherosclerosis Therapy Using Anti-miR-33-Loaded DNA Origami

“…The incorporation of multiple antiatherosclerotic agents into nanoformulations provides a viable approach for the targeted combination therapy of AS. − Recent advances include the targeted codelivery of clinical or marketed drugs by nanocarriers, − plaque microenvironment modulation by multifunctional nanozymes, , and carrier-free delivery of self-assembled drug nanoparticles . These preclinical investigations have yielded compelling evidence supporting the efficacy of targeted combination therapy.…”