Biomimetic potassium-selective nanopores

Acar, Elif Türker; Buchsbaum, Steven F.; Combs, Cody; Fornasiero, Francesco; Siwy, Zuzanna S.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav2568

Cited by 153 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The current solid-state nanopores of silicon nitride, [1][2][3] poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET), [4][5][6] molybdenum disulfide, [7][8][9] and graphene [10][11][12][13][14][15] not only establish the good mimic of existing biological nanopore but also reveal distinguished mechanisms with new ion transport phenomena. [16][17][18][19][20] The simple ion transport through regular nanopores results in ohmic behaviors from linear current-voltage (I−V) curves, while the specific nonohmic behaviors reflect ion transport mechanisms in nanopores with different Herein, we developed an electrophoretic method for fabricating Zr-1,3,5-(4-carboxylphenyl)-benzene (Zr-BTB) solid-state nanopores and discovered the voltage-activated nonlinear ion transport through the 2D ultrathin MOF nanosheets. The nonlinear I−V curve in acidic condition demonstrated a giant gap of low conductance state around 4 V, which still existed with the diameter of MOF nanopores from 0.88 to 1.24 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Ion Transport through Ultrathin Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheet

Zhang

Cao

Cheng

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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The rational design of artificial solid-state nanopores is of great importance in the discovery of intriguing ion transport phenomena. 2D metal-organic framework (2D MOF) nanosheets with single crystallinity, aligned nanochannels, ultrathin thickness, and diverse functionalities are highly potential solid-state nanopores. An electrophoretic method is developed to successfully fabricate MOF nanopores supported by SiN x substrate, which is confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. A giant gap around 4 V together with ionic current rectification is discovered in nonlinear voltage-activated current-voltage curves, revealing the synergy of the hydrophobic effect and charge effect in MOF nanopores. The charge effect embodies the different contribution current which results from the enrichment and depletion of ions in MOF nanopores by COMSOL simulation. Moreover, 2D MOF nanosheets with different surface charges, hydrophobicity, and pore sizes demonstrate the universality of nanopore fabrication and further confirm the synergistic mechanism. The nonlinear ion transport in the ultrathin MOF nanosheets will provide an opportunity to explore further applications in solid-state nanopores.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Ion Transport through Ultrathin Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheet

Zhang

Cao

Cheng

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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“…These single-salt measurements often do not reflect the selectivities that one will observe in mixtures due to changes in partitioning and electrical potential gradients. [157,164,207] Thus, whenever possible separations should occur with ion mixtures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion separations with membranes

Tang

Bruening

2020

Journal of Polymer Science

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Ion separations are important for resource recovery, water treatment, and energy production and storage. Techniques such as chemical precipitation, selective adsorption, and solvent extraction are effective, but membranes may separate ions continuously with less waste and lower energy costs. Separation of monovalent and multivalent ions with nanofiltration or electrodialysis membranes already enables water softening and edible salt purification. Similar membranes are attractive as separators in vanadium redox flow batteries. Selective partitioning of divalent counter-ions into ion-exchange membranes even allows transport of these ions against their concentration gradients in salt mixtures. However, separations of ions with the same charge is more challenging. Recent research demonstrated highly selective ion "sieving" at small scales. Separations using electrical potentials and differences in ion electrophoretic mobilities are promising, but relatively unexplored. Carrier-mediated transport affords high selectivity in liquid membranes, but these systems are not very stable, and selective transport via hopping between anchored carriers has proven elusive. Finally, this paper discusses how concentration polarization decreases selectivities in many membrane processes. Although development of selective, inexpensive ion-separation membranes is a work in progress, successes in water softening and edible salt purification suggests that future selective membranes will serve as complementary methods to traditional purification techniques.

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“…In contrast, biological channels can differentiate between ions of the same charge, such as potassium and sodium 3 . One can envision, however, that the ability to impart chemical selectivity at specific locations along the nanopore could also be incorporated into this platform, as recently shown through crown-ether functionalization of nanopores 37 , and crown-ether channels [38][39][40][41] . Such ion selective channels would enable a selective response of the amplifying circuits to specific ions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Amplifying Circuits Inspired by Electronics and Biology

Lucas¹,

Lin²,

Baker

et al. 2020

Biophysical Journal

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Integrated circuits are present in all electronic devices, and enable signal amplification, modulation, and relay. Nature uses another type of circuits composed of channels in a cell membrane, which regulate and amplify transport of ions, not electrons and holes as is done in electronic systems. Here we show an abiotic ionic circuit that is inspired by concepts from electronics and biology. The circuit amplifies small ionic signals into ionic outputs, and its operation mimics the electronic Darlington amplifier composed of transistors. The individual transistors are pores equipped with three terminals including a gate that is able to enrich or deplete ions in the pore. The circuits we report function at gate voltages < 1 V, respond to sub-nA gate currents, and offer ion current amplification with a gain up to~300. Ionic amplifiers are a logical step toward improving chemical and biochemical sensing, separations and amplification, among others.

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Biomimetic potassium-selective nanopores

Abstract: A nanopore decorated with crown ether and DNA is selective to potassium ions over sodium ions at concentrations up to 1 M.

Cited by 153 publications

References 45 publications

Nonlinear Ion Transport through Ultrathin Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheet

Nonlinear Ion Transport through Ultrathin Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheet

Ion separations with membranes

Ionic Amplifying Circuits Inspired by Electronics and Biology

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