Biomimetic Remineralized Three-Dimensional Collagen Bone Matrices with an Enhanced Osteostimulating Effect

Abstract

Bone grafts with a high potential for osseointegration, capable of providing a complete and effective regeneration of bone tissue, remain an urgent and unresolved issue. The presented work proposes an approach to develop composite biomimetic bone material for reconstructive surgery by deposition (remineralization) on the surface of high-purity, demineralized bone collagen matrix calcium phosphate layers. Histological and elemental analysis have shown reproduction of the bone tissue matrix architectonics, and a high-purity degree of the obtained collagen scaffolds; the cell culture and confocal microscopy have demonstrated a high biocompatibility of the materials obtained. Adsorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, microcomputed tomography (microCT) and infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction have proven the efficiency of the deposition of calcium phosphates on the surface of bone collagen scaffolds. Cell culture and confocal microscopy methods have shown high biocompatibility of both demineralized and remineralized bone matrices. In the model of heterotopic implantation in rats, at the term of seven weeks, an intensive intratrabecular infiltration of calcium phosphate precipitates, and a pronounced synthetic activity of osteoblast remodeling and rebuilding implanted materials, were revealed in remineralized bone collagen matrices in contrast to demineralized ones. Thus, remineralization of highly purified demineralized bone matrices significantly enhanced their osteostimulating ability. The data obtained are of interest for the creation of new highly effective osteoplastic materials for bone tissue regeneration and augmentation.

A New Collector Device for the Immediate Use of Particulate Autogenous Bone Grafts

“…This is the main feature of the innovative BKS device, which is used as a bone graft collector for transplantation, to use fresh autogenous bone in a simplified and controlled manner, according to the surgeon's planning and needs. It can be used directly as a local bone filler or to activate scaffolds to support bone formation within the scaffold [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34].…”

“…The limited evidence available on the use of bone collectors suggests that the resulting graft material is less than ideal. Until other methods of avoiding bacterial contamination or other device designs are developed, clinicians should be cautious in the use of bone collectors [23,28,29,[32][33][34][35]. Considering that the experiment was performed on synthetic bone, there was minimal loss of particulate bone, mainly in the removal of the BKS after its insertion during collection in the retromolar region of the mandible, as seen in Figure 2a.…”

“…The limited evidence available on the use of bone collectors suggests that the resulting graft material is less than ideal. Until other methods of avoiding bacterial contamination or other device designs are developed, clinicians should be cautious in the use of bone collectors [23,28,29,[32][33][34][35].…”

“…In this paper, an experimental study on a synthetic human mandible using the new biomechanical device BKS [16][17][18][19][20] was presented; the device removed bone from the mandible like a rotary instrument and immediately, without direct manipulation of the bone graft, removed it from the BKS internal volume and used it to fill the bone-deficient region or scaffold with autogenous bone [32][33][34][35]. With this technique, there is less manipulation of the bone graft, and the particulate bone is stabilized according to the surgeon's plan.…”

Composite Remineralization of Bone-Collagen Matrices: A New Approach to the Creation of Highly Effective Osteoplastic Materials

“…In our previous study, we took the first attempted to develop a material based on demineralized extracellular bone matrix with maximum preserved ultrastructure and the possibility of fine regulation of the physicochemical parameters of low-temperature DCPD deposition [25]. In the present work, the efficiency of the proposed approach was investigated in vitro and in vivo by exploiting precipitation of demineralized bone matrix amorphous calcium phosphate, including its combination with serum albumin.…”