Abstract! Diverse 11R,13-dihydroamino and 1,10ÎČ-epoxy-11R,13-dihydroamino analogs of ludartin were synthesized using a highly diastereoselective Michael addition and epoxidation reaction. The semisynthetic analogs were characterized using rigorous spectral data analysis. All the compounds were subjected to sulphorhodamine B cytotoxicity screening against a panel of three breast cancer cells, viz., T47D, MCF-7, and MDA-MB 231. Among the synthesized analogs, compounds 11, 19, and 20 proved to be active against the breast cancer cell lines. Compound 11 represents an epoxy analog of arglabin (5), which is a noteworthy and clinically significant antitumor agent and exhibited an IC 50 s of 0.75 ”M and 1.20 ”M against MCF-7 and MDA MB-231 cell lines, respectively. Compounds 19 and 20 displayed selectivity among the three breast cancer cell lines and were active against MCF-7 cell lines only displaying IC 50 s of 1.00 and 1.21 ”M, respectively. This study provides initial structure-activity relationship data on ludartin and its analogs against breast cancer cell lines based on the previous literature reports of ludartin as an aromatase inhibitor.Key words ludartin · amino analogs · epoxy amino analogs · breast cancer · cytotoxicity Supporting information available online at http://www.thieme-connect.de/products Leaving apart the cancers of skin, breast cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer in women [1]. It ranks second as a cause of tumor-related death only after lung cancer. Presently, it is envisaged that one in eight American women will develop breast cancer sometime during her life. Two-thirds of breast cancer tumors are hormone dependent, requiring estrogen to flourish [2]. An effective approach to treat such hormone-dependent cancer involves interfering with hormone production. Aromatase, or estrogen synthase, has always been considered the most promising target for the endocrine treatment of breast cancer [3]. Among all inhibitors, nonsteroidal inhibitors have proved to be the best therapeutic agents, as they reversibly inhibit the enzyme [2,4]. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are further divided into categories based on the order in which they were discovered or synthesized: first-, second-, and third-generation AIs. Currently, the third generation aromatase inhibitors are triazole-derived AIs and are approved as front-line therapy for early and advanced cases of breast cancer in postmenopausal women [1,5,6]. Brueggemeier and Cruz [1] framed a list of 65 molecules with potent aromatase inhibitory activity, among which the four sesquiterpene lactones, designated 1, 2, 3, and 4 (l " Fig. 1), display strong aromatase inhibition. The research group opined that the triazole-based compounds display a potent inhibitory effect. Taking a cue from this literature, we previously synthesized the 1, 2, 3 triazole-based analogs [7] of this molecule to develop more potent and less toxic compounds, and screened them against breast cancer cells. Among all of the synthesized compounds, only one compound, namely, (11R)-13-[1-(...