Biomimetic sensors of molecularly-imprinted polymers for chlorpromazine determination

Abstract

A new man-tailored biomimetic sensor for Chlorpromazine host-guest interactions and potentiometric transduction is presented. The artificial host was imprinted within methacrylic acid, 2-vinyl pyridine and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid based polymers. Molecularly imprinted particles were dispersed in 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether and entrapped in a poly(vinyl chloride) matrix. Slopes and detection limits ranged 51-67 mV/decade and 0.46-3.9 μg/mL, respectively, in steady state conditions. Sensors were independent from the pH of test solutions within 2.0-5.5. Good selectivity was observed towards oxytetracycline, doxytetracycline, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, nalidixic acid, sulfadiazine, trimethoprim, glycine, hydroxylamine, cysteine and creatinine. Analytical features in flowing media were evaluated on a double-channel manifold, with a carrier solution of 5.0 × 10 −2 mol/L phosphate buffer. Near-Nernstian response was observed over the concentration range 1.0 × 10 −4 to 1.0 × 10 −2 mol/L. Average slopes were about 48 mV/decade. The sensors were successfully applied to field monitoring of CPZ in fish samples, offering the advantages of simplicity, accuracy, automation feasibility and applicability to complex samples.

Synthesis of molecular biomimetics

“…For being a fairly simple procedure, it has been used in many fields, including (i) cellsignaling peptide encapsulation into biomaterials and/or cell encapsulation (Nicodemus and Bryant, 2008;Huang et al, 2013), (ii) incorporation of enzymatically degradable sequences (Schense and Hubbell, 1999;West and Hubbell, 1999;Shin et al, 2003), and (iii) biosensing technology (Moreira et al, 2010;Moreira and Sales, 2011). For being a fairly simple procedure, it has been used in many fields, including (i) cellsignaling peptide encapsulation into biomaterials and/or cell encapsulation (Nicodemus and Bryant, 2008;Huang et al, 2013), (ii) incorporation of enzymatically degradable sequences (Schense and Hubbell, 1999;West and Hubbell, 1999;Shin et al, 2003), and (iii) biosensing technology (Moreira et al, 2010;Moreira and Sales, 2011).…”

“…The overall process is quite simple, and inexpensive, being particularly suited for small biomolecules (Guerreiro et al, 2011a,b;Moreira et al, 2011a, b;Moreira and Sales, 2011;Oliveira et al, 2011;Rebelo et al, 2011). The overall process is quite simple, and inexpensive, being particularly suited for small biomolecules (Guerreiro et al, 2011a,b;Moreira et al, 2011a, b;Moreira and Sales, 2011;Oliveira et al, 2011;Rebelo et al, 2011).…”

Quercetin-imprinted polymer for anthocyanin extraction from mangosteen pericarp

“…MIPs can bind specifically to their original and related templates and possess tolerance to mechanical stress, temperature, pH, and acid-base. Owing to their robust properties, MIPs are suitable for broad range applications as separation media for chromatography and solid phase extraction [20,21], pre-concentration and determination of trace amount of analytes [22,23], nano-reactors for combinatorial synthesis of novel inhibitors [24], recognition elements for biosensors [25,26], artificial receptors for drug assays [27,28], biological receptor mimics [29], and drug delivery and enzyme mimetics [30,31]. In this study, we intend to use Quercetin-imprinted polymer (QIP) which has proven to specifically bind quercetin as well as allow cross-recognition to the structural analog, anthocyanins, from the crude extracts of mangosteen pericarp residuals.…”

New molecularly-imprinted polymer for carnitine and its application as ionophore in potentiometric selective membranes

“…This is the case of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), by which polymeric materials are easily tailored with suitable selectivity for a guest compound [33,34]. There are various successful applications of MIPs, including chromatography [35,36], artificial antibodies [37][38][39], chemical sensors [40,41], and solid-phase extraction (SPE) [42,43], as well as potentiometric ionophores [44,45].…”