“…[4] This method suffers from low yields, especially in the cases of aliphatic and some substituted aromatic aldehydes. Recently, many improved procedures were reported for the preparation of DHPMs using Bi(OTf ) 3 , [5] ZrCl 4 , [6] InCl 3 , [7] LiClO 4 , [8] FeCl 3 . 6H 2 O or NiCl 2 .…”