“…This can include strips of tape or lines [17,43]; markers on the roots, tips [34] and/or the spars [30,55]; and colored or reflective markers [48,54]. Alternatively, systems use a coating on the entire wing to allow the full motion of the wing to be observed in imagery, such as in [69,70]. A stroboscope can also be used to enhance the detection of the kinematics of the system as is used in [24], or other markers can be used as in [29,39,42].…”