Biominerallized Noble Metal‐Based RuO₂ Nanozymes Against Myocardial Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury

Abstract

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among elderly worldwide. Oxidative burst, which involves the rapid release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is the primary mechanism of IR‐mediated myocardial dysfunction and injury. Therefore, ROS elimination shows great potential for modulating IR injury. Herein, BSA‐coated RuO2 nanoparticles (RuO2@BSA, RA NPs) as free radical scavengers are synthesized and their therapeutic effect against myocardial IR injury is explored. The in vitro antioxidant effect of RA NPs in cardiomyocytes is initially demonstrated. In ischemic myocardium, the RA NPs mimic multiple enzymes to remarkably reduce the infarcted area and restore cardiac function through a cascade of enzyme‐like reactions, including the transformation of superoxide anion into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the subsequent decomposition of H2O2 to oxygen. The therapeutic mechanism of the RA NPs is based on ROS scavenging and the inhibition of apoptosis. These findings demonstrate the high clinical potential of RA NPs in IR injury treatment.

N‐n‐butyl haloperidol iodide mediates cardioprotection via regulating AMPK/FoxO1 signalling

“…However, these systems are severely disrupted during I/R, which contributes to excessive ROS production and leads to the initial myocardial reperfusion injury 33 . Thus, enhancing the activity of antioxidative enzymes may be a good strategy to decrease the oxidative stress‐elicited reperfusion damage 34,35 . Our previous work showed that F 2 protected against H/R model‐evoked oxidative injury in CMECs and myocytes 21,22 .…”

“…33 Thus, enhancing the activity of antioxidative enzymes may be a good strategy to decrease the oxidative stress-elicited reperfusion damage. 34,35 Our previous work showed that F 2 protected against H/R model-evoked oxidative injury in CMECs and myocytes. 21,22 In agreement with these results, we found that the in vivo I/R-induced oxidative injury was also significantly alleviated by F 2 pretreatment.…”

Nanomedicine‐Based Therapeutics for Myocardial Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury

“…ROS‐scavenging nanozymes with the specific action of mimicking SOD and CAT and protecting against ROS damage are promising targets in treating cardiac ischemic injury. [ 112 ] Nanozymes possess unique physicochemical properties and bioactivities that provide innovative opportunities to overcome the challenges in myocardial ischemia. For example, numerous metal‐based nanoparticles have inherent enzyme‐mimetic activities, such as CAT and SOD, which detoxify harmful O 2 • − and H 2 O 2 .…”

Niobium Carbide Protects Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species and Improving Mitochondrial Function

“…Intracellular antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), are crucial for maintaining balanced levels of ROS and reducing myocardial ischemic injury. − These antioxidant enzymes work synergistically to convert toxic radicals into harmless products. , However, the therapeutic potential of natural enzymes is limited due to their high cost, low stability, and challenging storage. , Consequently, artificial nanomaterials with multienzyme activities have been developed to overcome these limitations for biomedical applications. − MXenes, represented by the chemical formula M n +1 X n T x , are composed of ternary metal carbides/nitrides, where M denotes a transition metal (Ti, Mo, Ta, or Nb), X refers to carbon, nitrogen, or boron, and T represents surface groups (−O, −OH, −Cl, or −F). − MXene-based biomaterials have garnered significant attention due to their intrinsic photothermal abilities, multiple enzyme-mimicking properties, and electrical conductivity. − For instance, MXene, which has the ability to eliminate ROS, is a potential therapeutic candidate for treating ROS-related diseases such as hypertension, acute kidney injury, and ischemic stroke. − Moreover, its high specific surface area and numerous anchoring sites enable specific metal ion absorption. For instance, Du and colleagues reported on the copper chelating ability of Nb 2 C for treating Alzheimer’s disease .…”