Biomolecular infrared spectroscopy: making time for dynamics

Hunt, Neil T.

doi:10.1039/d3sc05223k

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 151 publications

(245 reference statements)

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“…A library of spectroscopic tools have been used to probe condensate solutions in order to determine structure, protein conformations, and composition within the condensate. These spectroscopic techniques involve looking at changes in the spectrum of the absorbed, scattered or transmitted light going through a sample in order to identify chemical species and bond types as a function of area. , Such approaches are considered to be relatively noninvasive, label-free, and straightforward to apply on a wide array of commercially available setups that are commonly used in research in chemistry and biochemical departments. Spectroscopic approaches are classified across the wavelengths of the spectrum that they probe, with many techniques overlapping across the same spectrum.…”

Section: Part 1: Imaging-based Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Label-Free Techniques for Probing Biomolecular Condensates

Ibrahim,

Naidu,

Miljkovic

et al. 2024

ACS Nano

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Biomolecular condensates play important roles in a wide array of fundamental biological processes, such as cellular compartmentalization, cellular regulation, and other biochemical reactions. Since their discovery and first observations, an extensive and expansive library of tools has been developed to investigate various aspects and properties, encompassing structural and compositional information, material properties, and their evolution throughout the life cycle from formation to eventual dissolution. This Review presents an overview of the expanded set of tools and methods that researchers use to probe the properties of biomolecular condensates across diverse scales of length, concentration, stiffness, and time. In particular, we review recent years’ exciting development of label-free techniques and methodologies. We broadly organize the set of tools into 3 categories: (1) imaging-based techniques, such as transmitted-light microscopy (TLM) and Brillouin microscopy (BM), (2) force spectroscopy techniques, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the optical tweezer (OT), and (3) microfluidic platforms and emerging technologies. We point out the tools’ key opportunities, challenges, and future perspectives and analyze their correlative potential as well as compatibility with other techniques. Additionally, we review emerging techniques, namely, differential dynamic microscopy (DDM) and interferometric scattering microscopy (iSCAT), that have huge potential for future applications in studying biomolecular condensates. Finally, we highlight how some of these techniques can be translated for diagnostics and therapy purposes. We hope this Review serves as a useful guide for new researchers in this field and aids in advancing the development of new biophysical tools to study biomolecular condensates.

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Section: Part 1: Imaging-based Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Label-Free Techniques for Probing Biomolecular Condensates

Ibrahim,

Naidu,

Miljkovic

et al. 2024

ACS Nano

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“…The functional group ranges between 4000 and 1500 cm −1 , and the fingerprint group is <1500 cm −1 [58]. The region between 3500 and 3200 cm −1 corresponds to the OH bonds, and the region between 1700 and 1400 cm −1 is synonymous with the amide (NH) bonds (protein) [59][60][61]. The exact positioning of the absorption bands and their intensity within each subregion is a function of the specific functional group and the surrounding chemical environment.…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared (Ftir) Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Magnitude and Impact of Food Allergens and the Potential of AI-Based Non-Destructive Testing Methods in Their Detection and Quantification

Adedeji,

Priyesh,

Odugbemi

2024

Foods

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Reaction to food allergens is on the increase and so is the attending cost on consumers, the food industry, and society at large. According to FDA, the “big-eight” allergens found in foods include wheat (gluten), peanuts, egg, shellfish, milk, tree nuts, fish, and soybeans. Sesame was added to the list in 2023, making the target allergen list nine instead of eight. These allergenic foods are major ingredients in many food products that can cause severe reactions in those allergic to them if found at a dose that can elicit a reaction. Defining the level of contamination that can elicit sensitivity is a work in progress. The first step in preventing an allergic reaction is reliable detection, then an effective quantification method. These are critical steps in keeping contaminated foods out of the supply chain of foods with allergen-free labels. The conventional methods of chemical assay, DNA-PCR, and enzyme protocols like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are effective in allergen detection but slow in providing a response. Most of these methods are incapable of quantifying the level of allergen contamination. There are emerging non-destructive methods that combine the power of sensors and machine learning to provide reliable detection and quantification. This review paper highlights some of the critical information on the types of prevalent food allergens, the mechanism of an allergic reaction in humans, the measure of allergenic sensitivity and eliciting doses, and the conventional and emerging AI-based methods of detection and quantification—the merits and downsides of each type.

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