It is critical to determine conformations of molecular monolayers in order to understand and control their functions and properties, such as efficiencies of self-assembly-based biosensors and turnover frequency of surface-bound electrocatalysts. However, surface molecules of the monolayers can adopt conformations with many different orientations. Thus, it is necessary to describe the orientations of surface molecular monolayers using both mean tilt angle and orientational distribution, which together we refer as orientation heterogeneity. Orientation heterogeneity is difficult to measure. In most cases, in order to calculate the mean tilt angle, it is assumed that the orientational distribution is narrow. This assumption causes ambiguities in determining the mean tilt angle, and loss of orientational distribution information, which is known as the "magic angle" challenge. Using heterodyne two-dimensional vibrational sum frequency generation (HD 2D VSFG) spectroscopy, we report a novel method to solve the "magic angle" challenge, by simultaneously measuring mean tilt angle and orientational distribution of molecular monolayers. We applied this new method to a CO2 reduction catalyst/gold interface and found that the catalysts formed a monolayer with a mean tilt angle between its quasi-C3 symmetric axis and the surface normal of 53°, with 5° orientational distribution. The narrow orientational distribution indicates that the surface molecules are rigid, which sample only limited configurations for facilitating a reaction, because of the short anchoring groups. Although applied to a specific system, this method is a general way to determine the orientation heterogeneity of an ensemble-averaged molecular interface.3