Biomolecules produced by extremophiles microorganisms and recent discoveries

Anwar, Usama Bilal; Zwar, Ingrid Padovese; Souza, Ana Olı́via de

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64301-8.00012-3

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 200 publications

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“…Literature data have shown that the majority of fungi species are able to tolerate extreme conditions of temperature, keeping the production of different thermostable enzymes, or SMs, useful in several distinct areas. Previously, the main enzymes and SMs produced by extremophile fungi were discussed by our group [ 227 ], including aspects related to mechanisms involved in their biosynthesis. Regarding this issue, Baranova et al [ 228 ] summarized antibiotics described from 2018–2019, which resulted from the biosynthesis of extremophilic micromycetes, and classified these SMs according to the structure and biosynthetic origin.…”

Section: Studies Of Fungal Secondary Metabolites As Cytotoxic and Ant...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Bioactive Fungal Secondary Metabolites: Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Compounds

et al. 2022

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Microorganisms are known as important sources of natural compounds that have been studied and applied for different purposes in distinct areas. Specifically, in the pharmaceutical area, fungi have been explored mainly as sources of antibiotics, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, enzyme inhibitors, hypercholesteremic, antineoplastic/antitumor, immunomodulators, and immunosuppressants agents. However, historically, the high demand for new antimicrobial and antitumor agents has not been sufficiently attended by the drug discovery process, highlighting the relevance of intensifying studies to reach sustainable employment of the huge world biodiversity, including the microorganisms. Therefore, this review describes the main approaches and tools applied in the search for bioactive secondary metabolites, as well as presents several examples of compounds produced by different fungi species with proven pharmacological effects and additional examples of fungal cytotoxic and antimicrobial molecules. The review does not cover all fungal secondary metabolites already described; however, it presents some reports that can be useful at any phase of the drug discovery process, mainly for pharmaceutical applications.

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Section: Studies Of Fungal Secondary Metabolites As Cytotoxic and Ant...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Bioactive Fungal Secondary Metabolites: Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Compounds

et al. 2022

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“…For example, fungi from extreme environments have proven to be a rich source of unique, bioactive compounds with drug-like potential. These include fungi that survive in temperatures as high as 90 °C or below 20 °C, in high salt environments and in extremes of pH [4] . We (Stierle lab) initiated a study of the secondary metabolites of the extremophilic fungi surviving in the Berkeley Pit, an acid mine waste lake in Butte, Montana.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters by fungal artificial chromosomes to produce novel secondary metabolites

Wu,

Stierle,

Stierle

et al. 2023

AIMSMICRO

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<abstract> <p>In 2017, we reported the discovery of Berkeleylactone A (BPLA), a novel, potent antibiotic produced exclusively in co-culture by two extremophilic fungi, <italic>Penicillium fuscum</italic> and <italic>P. camembertii/clavigerum</italic>, which were isolated from the Berkeley Pit, an acid mine waste lake, in Butte, Montana. Neither fungus synthesized BPLA when grown in axenic culture. Recent studies suggest that secondary metabolites (SMs) are often synthesized by enzymes encoded by co-localized genes that form “biosynthetic gene clusters” (BGCs), which might remain <italic>silent</italic> (inactive) under various fermentation conditions. Fungi may also harbor cryptic BGCs that are not associated with previously characterized molecules.</p> <p>We turned to the tools of Fungal Artificial Chromosomes (FAC)-Next-Gen-Sequencing (NGS) to understand how co-culture activated cryptic biosynthesis of BPLA and several related berkeleylactones and to further investigate the true biosynthetic potential of these two fungi. FAC-NGS enables the capture of BGCs as individual FACs for heterologous expression in a modified strain of <italic>Aspergillus nidulans</italic> (heterologous host, FAC-<italic>An</italic>HH). With this methodology, we created ten BGC-FACs that yielded fourteen different SMs, including strobilurin, which was previously isolated exclusively from basidiomycetes. Eleven of these compounds were not detected in the extracts of the FAC-<italic>An</italic>HH. Of this discrete set, only the novel compound citreohybriddional had been isolated from either <italic>Penicillium</italic> sp. before and only at very low yield. We propose that through heterologous expression, FACs activated these silent BGCs, resulting in the synthesis of new natural products (NPs) with yields as high as 50%–60% of the crude organic extracts.</p> </abstract>

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“…For this reason, the nurse-plants rhizosphere and relative surrounding soil are a useful source of PGPB. In addition, bacteria growing in extreme environments, like salt-pans, have developed complex strategies to survive harsh conditions, which include the production of an array of diverse compounds, such as antioxidant pigments, lytic enzymes, and antimicrobial compounds, making them interesting biotechnological targets ( Anwar et al, 2020 ). Among the PGPB, bacteria belonging to the Bacillus genus are of particular interest given their resistance to stressful environments and conditions due to their capacity of producing spores ( Pesce et al, 2014 ), together with the ability to release a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites, the easy genetic manipulation, and the great ability to colonize plant surfaces ( Kumar et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic and Physiological Characterization of Bacilli Isolated From Salt-Pans With Plant Growth Promoting Features

et al. 2021

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Massive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has been the main strategy used to cope with the rising crop demands in the last decades. The indiscriminate use of chemicals while providing a temporary solution to food demand has led to a decrease in crop productivity and an increase in the environmental impact of modern agriculture. A sustainable alternative to the use of agrochemicals is the use of microorganisms naturally capable of enhancing plant growth and protecting crops from pests known as Plant-Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB). Aim of the present study was to isolate and characterize PGPB from salt-pans sand samples with activities associated to plant fitness increase. To survive high salinity, salt-tolerant microbes produce a broad range of compounds with heterogeneous biological activities that are potentially beneficial for plant growth. A total of 20 halophilic spore-forming bacteria have been screened in vitro for phyto-beneficial traits and compared with other two members of Bacillus genus recently isolated from the rhizosphere of the same collection site and characterized as potential biocontrol agents. Whole-genome analysis on seven selected strains confirmed the presence of numerous gene clusters with PGP and biocontrol functions and of novel secondary-metabolite biosynthetic genes, which could exert beneficial impacts on plant growth and protection. The predicted biocontrol potential was confirmed in dual culture assays against several phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. Interestingly, the presence of predicted gene clusters with known biocontrol functions in some of the isolates was not predictive of the in vitro results, supporting the need of combining laboratory assays and genome mining in PGPB identification for future applications.

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Biomolecules produced by extremophiles microorganisms and recent discoveries

Cited by 10 publications

References 200 publications

Overview of Bioactive Fungal Secondary Metabolites: Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Compounds

Overview of Bioactive Fungal Secondary Metabolites: Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Compounds

Activation of cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters by fungal artificial chromosomes to produce novel secondary metabolites

Genomic and Physiological Characterization of Bacilli Isolated From Salt-Pans With Plant Growth Promoting Features

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