Biomonitoring: Is body burden relevant to public health?

Paustenbach, Dennis J.; Galbraith, David A.

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.01.005

Cited by 51 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Making sense of biomarker measurements, especially in the context of children's exposure, is not straightforward. Results can be influenced by a myriad of factors, including: the time of day or season of the year a sample was collected; the time between exposure and sample collection; the quantity of the sample available for analysis; the specificity and sensitivity of a particular biologic marker; concurrent or sequential exposure to other environmental agents; and the nutritional status of the subject (Needham and Sexton, 2000;Barr et al, 2005;Paustenbach and Galbraith, 2006). Moreover, observed differences between biomarker measurements made (1) multiple times in the same child over a defined period (W-CV) or (2) once in numerous children at approximately the same time (B-CV) can be because of dissimilarities in actual exposures, variations in pharmacokinetics, or a combination of both (Needham and Sexton, 2000;Barr et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using exposure biomarkers in children to compare between-child and within-child variance and calculate correlations among siblings for multiple environmental chemicals

Sexton¹,

Ryan

2011

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Longitudinal measurements of biomarkers for metals, phthalates, environmental tobacco smoke, organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and volatile organic compounds were made in blood and/or urine from a stratified, random sample of more than 100 elementary school-aged children living in an inner-city section of Minneapolis. Repeated measures of 31 exposure biomarkers indicate that between-child variance (B-CV) was greater than within-child variance (W-CV) for 8 compounds, B-CV was a significant proportion of total variance for 9 compounds, and variances were homogeneous for 14 compounds. Among siblings living in the same household, positive correlations were observed for biomarker concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, metals, and volatile organic chemicals in blood, and total cotinine in urine. Biologic markers confirm that children from a low-income, ethnically diverse neighborhood experienced concurrent exposure to a variety of hazardous environmental chemicals during their everyday activities. Future monitoring studies should examine the nature and magnitude of children's cumulative exposure to both chemical and non-chemical stressors, especially in disadvantaged populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using exposure biomarkers in children to compare between-child and within-child variance and calculate correlations among siblings for multiple environmental chemicals

Sexton¹,

Ryan

2011

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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show abstract

“…Once the reference limits for a metal in the general population are described, they may serve as a basis for a deeper evaluation of the observed values after environmental or professional exposures or in case of diseases, physiological changes, effectiveness of medical therapies, etc. [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of reference ranges for blood Cu, Mn, Se and Zn in a selected Italian population

Bocca

Madeddu

Asara

et al. 2011

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

100

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“…Making connections between the exposome and risk assessment is a difficult but important venture (Paustenbach and Galbraith 2006; Rappaport and Smith 2010). Risk assessments typically examine the effects of high doses of administered chemicals to determine the lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs) and no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs); reference doses, which are assumed safe for human exposure, are then calculated from these doses using a number of safety factors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%