Biomonitoring of aromatic amines II: hemoglobin binding of some monocyclic aromatic amines

Birner, Gerhard; Neumann, Hans‐Günter

doi:10.1007/bf00570128

“…Accordingly, although in our study, gavage, rather than inhalation, was the favored route of administration, the MetHb concentrations in blood were indistinguishable from those in the control group (data not shown), because the samples were collected the next day after finishing NMA administration. Besides, assessment of blood MetHb concentration is made difficult by the high activity of N-acetylotransferase -the enzyme involved in MetHb metabolism [21]. Clinical analysis of the key parameters confirmed that NMA, as aniline derivative, is hepatotoxic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental toxicity of N-methylaniline following prenatal oral administration in rats

Sitarek¹,

Gromadzińska²,

Stetkiewicz³

et al. 2016

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess prenatal toxicity of N-methylaniline (NMA) administered by gavage to pregnant female rats. Material and Methods: Pregnant female rats were administered N-methylaniline in corn oil by gavage at daily doses of 0.8 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.), 4 mg/kg b.w., 20 mg/kg b.w. and 100 mg/kg b.w. from implantation (the 5th day post mating) to the day prior to the scheduled caesarean section (the 20th day of pregnancy). General behavior, body weight, food and water consumption, hematological, biochemical analyses and pathomorphological changes of the dams were recorded. Results: All the females survived until the end of the study. The test substance was toxic to pregnant females, even at the lowest of the used doses, i.e., 0.8 mg/kg b.w./day. Lower weight gain during pregnancy and significantly higher NMA-dose-dependent absolute weight of the organs were noted in the exposed females. The females from the groups exposed at doses of 20 mg/kg b.w./day and 100 mg/kg b.w./day developed anemia and showed higher concentrations of free thyroxine (FT3) and free triiodothyronine (FT4) thyroid hormones. Total protein concentration exhibited an increase in all the exposed groups of females. In the prenatal toxicity study, administration of N-methylaniline throughout the embryonic and fetal periods produced embryotoxic effects at doses ranging 4-100 mg/kg b.w./day. Conclusions: Considering the data obtained in this study, it is reasonable to assume that N-methylaniline administered orally to pregnant rats is toxic for mothers even at a low dose of 0.8 mg/kg b.w./day. However, this dose was not associated with any significant effects to their offspring. This prenatal exposure level may be considered as no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for the progeny and a dose of 4 mg/kg b.w./day as the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) for the progeny.

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“…Amines with one amine group such as aniline and 4ABP are more useful when acetylation can be explained in the evaluation of exposure to hemoglobin adducts 17) since the risk for bladder cancer increases when Nhydroxylation increases competitively due to slowly progressing N-acetylation 61,62) . However, it is difficult to explain for toxicity and solubility only with N-acetylation because deacetylation and N-acetylation occur at the same time in amines with more than 2 amine groups such as BZ 29) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ethanol and Phenobarbital on Hemoglobin Adducts Formation in Rats Exposed to Benzidine and Direct Black 38

Kim

¹

,

Roh

²

,

Lee

³

et al. 2009

Ind Health

1

0

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“…In such a situation the first step must accomplish release of the primary analytes. Conjugates can be cleaved by acid hydrolysis [168][169][170][171], basic hydrolysis [170], or enzymatic hydrolysis [170], [172]. Hydrolysis with the aid of enzymes, such as sulfatase and glucuronidase, has the significant advantage that bonds are cleaved extremely selectively, and information can also be obtained regarding the binding partners of the analyte.…”

Section: Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, analytes containing carboxyl groups are often converted into methyl [164], [169], pentafluorobenzyl [274][275][276][277], or triethyl esters [278][279][280]. Analytes containing acidic hydroxyl groups (phenols, chlorophenols, glycol ethers) or amino groups (e.g., aniline) can be derivatized with such perfluorinated compounds as heptafluorobutyric anhydride, pentafluoropropionic anhydride [177], or pentafluorobenzoyl chloride [281].…”

Section: Derivatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sample Preparation for Trace Analysis

Begerow

¹

,

Dunemann

²

2006

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

2

0

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. A Strategy Appropriate to Trace Analysis 1.2. Avoidance of Systematic Errors 1.2.1. Trace Losses and Contamination 1.2.2. Uncertainty 2. Sample Preparation and Digestion in Inorganic Analysis 2.1. Sample Treatment after the Sampling Process 2.1.1. Stabilization, Drying, and Storage 2.1.2. Homogenization and Aliquoting 2.1.3. Requirements with Respect to Materials and Chemicals 2.2. Sample‐Preparation Techniques; General Considerations 2.2.1. Special Factors Associated with Microwave‐Assisted Digestion 2.2.2. Safety Considerations 2.3. Wet Digestion Techniques 2.3.1. Wet Digestion at Atmospheric Pressure 2.3.2. Pressure Digestion 2.3.2.1. Thermally Convective Pressure Digestion 2.3.2.2. Microwave‐Assisted Pressure Digestion 2.4. “Dry” Digestion Techniques 2.4.1. Combustion in Air 2.4.2. Combustion in Oxygen 2.4.3. Cold‐Plasma Ashing 2.4.4. Fusion 2.5. Illustrative Examples 2.5.1. Sample Preparation as a Function of Analytical Method 2.5.2. Combined Use of Multiple Decomposition Techniques 2.5.3. Comparative Merits of the Various Sample‐Preparation Techniques 2.5.4. Decomposition Procedures for Determining Nonmetals 2.6. Evaluation Criteria 2.6.1. Completeness 2.6.2. Uncertainty 2.6.3. Time Factors 2.6.4. The Final Result 2.7. Concentration and Separation of Inorganic Trace Materials 2.8. Automation and Direct Analysis 2.8.1. Automation 2.8.2. Direct Analysis 2.9. Analysis of Element Species 3. Sample Preparation in Organic Analysis 3.1. Sample Treatment after the Sampling Process 3.1.1. Stabilization, Drying, and Storage 3.1.2. Homogenization and Aliquoting 3.1.3. Requirements with Respect to Materials and Chemicals 3.2. Separation of the Analyte 3.2.1. Hydrolysis 3.2.2. Liquid ‐ Liquid Extraction 3.2.3. Soxhlet Extraction 3.2.4. Microwave‐Assisted Solvent Extraction 3.2.5. Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) 3.2.6. Solid‐Phase Extraction (SPE) 3.2.7. Solid‐Phase Microextraction (SPME) 3.2.8. Stir‐Bar Adsorptive Extraction (SBSE) 3.2.9. Miscellaneous Techniques 3.3. Headspace Techniques 3.3.1. Static Headspace Technique 3.3.2. Dynamic Headspace Technique (Purge and Trap) 3.4. Determination of Trace Organic Materials in Air Samples 3.5. Analyte Concentration 3.6. Derivatization 3.7. Coupled Techniques Trace analysis is a very relevant and applications‐oriented branch of analytical chemistry. The sample preparation for trace analysis must be custom‐tailored to the problem at hand. Systematic errors can arise by contact with vessel materials, reagents, or the ambient atmosphere, as well as any change in chemical or physical state. In inorganic analysis, sample preparation has to meet the requirements for a substantially trouble‐free determination of the analyte. Digestion of the matrix (microwave digestion, wet digestion, dry digestion techniques) and subsequent careful comparison of several decomposition techniques is therefore an essentially important step. Some separation and concentration techniques of the analytes are liquid –liquid extraction, solid‐phase extraction, special precipitation reactions, and electrolytic deposition. The introduction of laboratory robots should make it possible to incorporate a significant degree of automation into the time‐consuming, labor‐intensive area of sample preparation as well, leading to more efficient, reliable, and reproducible sample work‐up. The goal of sample preparation in organic trace analysis is to isolate the analyte from the sample matrix (e.g., liquid‐liquid extraction, Soxhlet extraction, microwave‐assisted solvent extraction, steam distillation) and then concentrate it and convert it into a form suitable for analysis by the selected method. Separation and concentration of an analyte must often be followed by some type of derivatization. Various coupled sample preparation and determination processes are increasingly utilized in trace organic analysis.

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Biomonitoring of aromatic amines II: hemoglobin binding of some monocyclic aromatic amines

Cited by 81 publications

References 14 publications

Developmental toxicity of N-methylaniline following prenatal oral administration in rats

Developmental toxicity of N-methylaniline following prenatal oral administration in rats

Effects of Ethanol and Phenobarbital on Hemoglobin Adducts Formation in Rats Exposed to Benzidine and Direct Black 38

Sample Preparation for Trace Analysis

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