Biomonitoring of Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in Italian children and adolescents: Data from LIFE PERSUADED project

Toxicological Assessment of Oral Co-Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) in Juvenile Rats at Environmentally Relevant Dose Levels: Evaluation of the Synergic, Additive or Antagonistic Effects

“…As previously described in Tassinari et al [ 10 , 11 ], the dose levels used in the single studies with BPA (2, 6 and 18 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day) and DEHP (9, 21 and 49 mg/kg bw per day) were defined taking into account the results of the children biomonitoring study, representing the actual exposure of Italian children and adolescents [ 14 , 15 ].…”

“…In real-life scenarios, children represent a particularly vulnerable and susceptible sub-group of the population to the effects of plasticizers, due to: (i) their action as EDs, (ii) higher exposure levels in comparison to other population groups and (iii) the critical window of development and maturation [ 14 , 15 ]. Scientific authorities estimated that children aged 1–6 years showed the highest DEHP daily oral intake [ 16 , 17 ] and that the higher BPA exposure occurs in children aged from 6 months to 10 years [ 18 ].…”

“…Scientific authorities estimated that children aged 1–6 years showed the highest DEHP daily oral intake [ 16 , 17 ] and that the higher BPA exposure occurs in children aged from 6 months to 10 years [ 18 ]. Moreover, Tait et al [ 14 , 15 ] have recently demonstrated that, in the Italian population, DEHP and BPA urinary levels are higher in children aged 4–6 years.…”

“…Since these substances share some toxicological profiles and they usually coexist in food and environment, studies exploring the potential combined effects warrant wide attention. In this respect, in the frame of the LIFE PERSUADED project ( accessed on 10 February 2021), the juvenile toxicity test was selected to identify hazards potentially derived from the exposure to binary mixtures of DEHP and BPA, using data directly derived from the LIFE PERSUADED biomonitoring study in children [ 10 , 11 , 14 , 19 ]. In the juvenile study, animals are treated for 28 days during the peripubertal phase of development, resembling childhood and adolescence [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Type 1 Diabetes

“…Despite current knowledge, further data should be obtained and, to date, it is clear that preventive measures in EDCs exposure must be applied to avoid the impairment of human health [34]. Recent data from the LIFE PERSUADED project on phthalate exposure in Italian children and adolescent demonstrated that boys were more exposed than girls to bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) main metabolites and that children aged 4-6 years had higher median levels than those 7-10 and 11-14 years old [35].…”