Biomonitoring of organophosphate exposure of pesticide sprayers and comparison of exposure levels with other population groups in Thessaly (Greece)

Koureas, Michalis; Tsakalof, Andreas; Tzatzarakis, Manolis; Vakonaki, Elena; Tsatsakis, Aristidis; Hadjichristodoulou, Christos

doi:10.1136/oemed-2013-101490

Cited by 47 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Because DNA damage and oxidative stress have been proposed as possible mechanisms that could explain some health effects related to pesticide exposure, the results in this study are relevant because they suggest an important role of antioxidant enzymes for the protection of DNA damage caused by high occupational exposure to pesticides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress and genetic damage among workers exposed primarily to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides

Zepeda-Arce

Rojas-García

Benítez-Trinidad

et al. 2017

Environmental Toxicology

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The indiscriminate use of pesticides in agriculture and public health campaigns has been associated with an increase of oxidative stress and DNA damage, resulting in health outcomes. Some defense mechanisms against free radical-induced oxidative damage include the antioxidant enzyme systems. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and the relationship of antioxidant enzyme levels with DNA damage among sprayers (workers) occupationally exposed to pesticides. The determinations of MDA and antioxidant enzymes were performed spectrophotometrically. The genotoxic effects were evaluated using the comet assay. The results showed a marginally significant decrease in SOD and CAT activities in the high exposure group compared to the control group. For MDA, statistically significant differences were found among people working long term vs. those working temporarily (P = 0.02) as sprayers. In the moderate exposure group, a positive correlation was observed between MDA levels and GPx activity. In the high exposure group, a negative correlation was observed between GR and CAT activities, and between MDA levels and GPx activities. Furthermore, in the high exposure group, a positive correlation between DNA damage parameters and MDA levels was observed. The results suggest an important role of antioxidant enzymes for the protection of DNA damage caused by occupational exposure to pesticides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress and genetic damage among workers exposed primarily to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides

Zepeda-Arce

Rojas-García

Benítez-Trinidad

et al. 2017

Environmental Toxicology

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“…30,31,49 For example, among Japanese food distribution workers included in Ueyama et al’s 31 study, DAP detections ranged from 87% to 100%; the geometric mean for DMP 7.0 µg/g creatinine in the summer and 3.8 µg/g creatinine in the winter, with DEP levels being 0.8 µg/g creatinine in the summer and 1.5 µg/g creatinine in the winter. In a study of Israel adults from the general population conducted in 2011, Berman et al 49 found that DMP was detected for 99% of participants, DMTP for 100%, DMDTP for 73%, DEP for 98%, DETP for 76%, and DEDTP was 44%; these detection levels are somewhat higher than those found for the NC non-farmworkers in this analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21–25 However, several recent analyses with farmworkers in Washington, Florida, and North Carolina document continuing substantial exposure to OP pesticides. 26–28 Research on OP exposure using the six dialkylphosphate (DAP) urinary metabolites of OP pesticides has been conducted in several non-US agricultural populations, including Mexico, 29 France, 12 Greece, 30 Japan, 31 and Thailand. 32,33 Results from these analyses show a great range in metabolite levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphate Pesticide Urinary Metabolites Among Latino Immigrants

Arcury

Laurienti

Chen

et al. 2016

Journal of Occupational &Amp; Environmental Medicine

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Background This analysis documents detections and concentrations of the six dialkylphosphate (DAP) urinary metabolite of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides among North Carolina Latino migrant farmworkers, with comparison to non-farmworker Latino immigrants. Methods Participants provided up to 4 urine samples during the 2012 and 2013 agricultural seasons. Composite urine samples for each year were analyzed. Results DAP urinary metabolite detections were similar in farmworkers and non-farmworker; e.g., for 2012, 75.4% of farmworkers and 67.4% of non-farmworkers and, for 2013, 89.3% of farmworkers and 89.7% of non-farmworkers had dimethylthiophosphate detections. DAP geometric mean concentrations were high; e.g., dimethylphosphate concentrations among farmworkers were 11.39 µg/g creatinine for 2012 and 4.49 µg/g creatinine for 2013, while they were 10.49 µg/g creatinine for 2012 and 1.97 µg/g creatinine for 2013 for non-farmworkers Conclusions Research to reduce pesticide exposure among Latino farmworkers and non-farmworkers is needed.

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“…Among the professional sprayers there is a widespread praxis of poor pesticide handling such as improper storage, mixing several pesticides, bare hands loading, unhygienic spraying, lack of protective equipment use as well as haphazard disposal [26] of remnants and empty containers. The excess use of pesticides coupled with inadequate personal protection, is likely to increase the exposure dose among sprayers in the area [27]. Despite the contribution of these pesticides in improving agricultural production and protection of the harvests, they threaten the human health as a result of poor protection and indiscriminate use and handling [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-reported Health Effects among Short and Long-term Pesticide Sprayers in Arusha, Northern Tanzania: A cross Sectional Study

Manyilizu¹,

Mdegela²,

Kazwala³

et al. 2015

Occup Med Health Aff

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There is also circumstantial evidence on the association of exposure to pesticides with chronic diseases like respiratory problems, dermal disorders, cardiovascular disease, nephropathies, chronic fatigue syndrome and aging [1]. Since health-workers are not adequately trained to identify adverse effects of pesticides [22,23] and because of the Abstract Background: The aim of the present study was to assess whether long-term exposure to pesticides is associated with adverse health effects in professional pesticide sprayers. Methods:The study was conducted in Lake Eyasi Basin and Ngarenanyuki in Arusha region, during the dry season in September-October 2013. In a cross-sectional study, 97 short-term exposed men with at most three months as professional sprayers were compared with 60 long-term exposed men with experience of at least five years as professional sprayers. The study participants were aged 18-30 years, drawn from the same source population and interviewed using semi structured questionnaire. The questions focused on spraying procedures and on present and recurrent medical history including presence of selected six known pesticide induced health conditions. Results:Organophosphates, carbamates, dithiocarbamates and pyrethroids were the most applied insecticides but also organochlorine fungicides and endosulfan were frequently applied. The majority of the sprayers reported unsafe pesticide use. Mean pesticide uses in litres, spray frequency per crop and per week were 637, and 1.3 respectively for about 270 days a year. Respiratory disease symptoms were the most frequently reported (46/157; 29.3%) followed by skin (27/157; 17.2%), and sight (24/157; 15.3%). When adjusted for age and other predictors, long-term exposed sprayers had significantly higher self-reported occurrences of peripheral neuropathy (OR=7.7, CI95%: 1.045-56.728, p=0.045) and respiratory disorders (OR=0.2, CI95%: 0.067-0.501, p=0.001) compared with short-term exposed. Furthermore, 10 sprayers, all long-term exposed reported poor libido and erection problems. Conclusions: These findings document lack of safety knowledge, safe pesticide management and the implementation of protective measures as well as suggesting that long-term exposure to pesticides increase the risk of experience disease conditions compared to short-term exposure.

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Biomonitoring of organophosphate exposure of pesticide sprayers and comparison of exposure levels with other population groups in Thessaly (Greece)

Abstract: Our study findings confirm the increased exposure to OPs in pesticide sprayers and underline the importance of protective measures especially those that focus on dermal exposure mitigation.

Cited by 47 publications

References 33 publications

Oxidative stress and genetic damage among workers exposed primarily to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides

Oxidative stress and genetic damage among workers exposed primarily to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides

Organophosphate Pesticide Urinary Metabolites Among Latino Immigrants

Self-reported Health Effects among Short and Long-term Pesticide Sprayers in Arusha, Northern Tanzania: A cross Sectional Study

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