Biomonitoring of Workers Exposed to Volatile Organic Compounds Associated with Different Occupations by Headspace GC-FID

Abstract

The present study has been undertaken to analyze the total accumulated burden of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in blood of occupationally exposed workers. The headspace technique combined with gas chromatography with flame ionization detector was used for the quantitative analysis of the different volatile organic compounds (isopropyl alcohol, phenol, benzene, dichloromethane, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and toluene) in 80 blood samples from the workers belonging to different occupations i.e., shoe polish workers, thinner handlers, paint workers, furniture polish workers, petrol station attendants, textile dyeing workers, printing press workers, and dry port workers as biomonitoring is one of the most promising methods for analyzing the individual burden of VOCs. Another purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between detected concentrations of VOCs and associated health issues reported by the workers of these professions. Results of the study revealed the presence of different VOCs in blood samples of approximately 70 workers out of 80, and statistical analysis proved a strong relationship between the reported work experience, working hours, and diseases and the detected concentrations of respective volatile organic compounds.

Evaluation of Cytochrome P4502E1 mRNA Expression and Its Effects in Antioxidant Defenses, and Cell Toxicity in Printing Workers

“…In concordance with this conclusion, a recent study showed that alcohols are the most prevalent class of VOCs in the printing industry (Alabdulhadi et al, 2019). In addition, a recent report has determined quantitatively different volatile organic compounds from blood samples from printing press workers and has evidenced higher concentrations of ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol than other VOCs (Yaqub et al, 2020).…”

Skin emitted volatiles analysis for noninvasive diagnosis: the current advances in sample preparation techniques for biomedical application

“…To quantify the trace quantity of metabolites, researchers usually coupled the skin sampling devices to highly sensitive equipment like Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID), 24,25 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), 26,27 Gas Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) and electronic nose (e-nose). 28,29 GC-FID is primarily utilized to determine the hydrocarbons and other volatile organic compounds from the skin.…”

Benzene and chronic dermatological disorders in gas station workers

“…Yaqud et al (15) Biomonitoring of workers exposed to volatile organic compounds associated with different occupations by headspace GCFID.…”

“…(18,19) La mayor parte de solventes orgánicos son considerados contaminantes ambientales, uno de estos; el benceno, posee una elevada volatilidad y composición peligrosa para la salud, la entrada al cuerpo humano se da por absorción cutánea provocando quemaduras en la piel, irritación oftálmica, existe un daño mucho más crónico en personal encargado de despachar gasolina incluyendo efectos adversos a nivel de sistema nervioso central, hepático y renal. (15,20,21) Montano (9) menciona que existe un alto número de estudios epidemiológicos sobre dermatopatías en países europeos. Afirma que las en mayor parte las patologías profesionales se deben a dermatitis de contacto irritante, alergias de contacto preferentemente a nivel de miembros superiores y la cara.…”

“…Los trabajadores de gasolinera al estar en contacto con el benceno por periodos prolongados sufren alteraciones en la integridad de la barrera epidérmica originando dermatopatías, entre las más destacadas están; dermatitis atópica en un 90 %, dermatitis alérgica a nivel de manos en un 80 % y cara en un 10 %, sarpullido, ampollas y prurito en un 42,2 %, sequedad en la piel 8,89 %, y cánceres de piel no melanoma 0,032 %, melanomas cutáneos 0,031 %, dermatitis de contacto irritante, enrojecimiento, hinchazón cutánea, ampollas, quemaduras, hipersensibilidad, irritación de mucosas. (9,10,11,12,13,14,15)…”