Biomorphometry of Automeris liberia Cramer (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) in oil palm in the Amazon

Abstract

Automeris liberia Cramer are found in South America, with documented sightings in Ecuador, Peru, some regions of Mexico and, more recently, the Brazilian Amazon. These moths cause damage to several plant species. We designed an experiment to study the biology and morphometry of A. liberia in the laboratory and provide information for the management of the pest in oil palm cultivation in the Brazilian Amazon. Caterpillars for rearing were collected from commercial areas of oil palm cultivation, where they cause defoliation of the plant. They were fed a natural diet of oil palm leaves of the Tenera variety and observed from second generation onwards. Sex, behavior, posture, mass, body length, wingspan, body diameter, sex ratio, average growth ratio, and antenna were quantified. The embryonic stage lasted 14 days, followed by seven larval instar stages over 36 days. The pupal stage lasted 21 days. Adults had a longevity of 4.5 and 6 days and a total biological cycle of 78.5 and 80 days, for males and females, respectively. The growth ratio was 1.49. The antennae showed sexual dimorphism, with bipectinate morphology in males and filiform in females. In the adult stage, morphological variables were evaluated (body length, thoracic diameter, wingspan, forewing length, forewing height, hindwing length, hindwing height, antenna length, number of antennomeres, and body mass), and they showed significant differences between males and females (Newman-Keuls test, P < 0.05).

Environmental Fiscal Reform and the Challenge of the Oil Palm. Towards Sustainable Production

“…Tomado de [9] Por tal razón, "la PA ha pasado de ser un cultivo de subsistencia en África Occidental a convertirse en uno de los principales productos agrícolas del mundo, con importantes repercusiones en la biodiversidad, el medio ambiente, la sociedad y los medios de vida" [10]. De este modo, el aumento de su demanda sobrelleva a una expansión de las plantaciones de palma en regiones tropicales, especialmente en el sudeste asiático y América Latina [11]- [13], generando graves consecuencias no solo ambientales, sino sociales y económicas [14].…”