BION microstimulators: A case study in the engineering of an electronic implantable medical device

Kane, Michael J.; Breen, Paul P.; Quondamatteo, Fabio; ÓLaighin, Gearóid

doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2010.08.010

Cited by 67 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Recent work has shown that flexible electronics can be placed into 3D structures through surgical processes 9-12 or by being attached to and subsequently released from a rigid delivery substrates 13-14 for biological and biomedical applications. However, direct 3D interpenetration of electronics within these structures is limited by the intrinsic thin-film 14 supporting substrates.…”

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confidence: 99%

Syringe-injectable electronics

et al. 2015

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Seamless and minimally-invasive three-dimensional (3D) interpenetration of electronics within artificial or natural structures could allow for continuous monitoring and manipulation of their properties. Flexible electronics provide a means for conforming electronics to non-planar surfaces, yet targeted delivery of flexible electronics to internal regions remains difficult. Here, we overcome this challenge by demonstrating syringe injection and subsequent unfolding of submicrometer-thick, centimeter-scale macroporous mesh electronics through needles with a diameter as small as 100 micrometers. Our results show that electronic components can be injected into man-made and biological cavities, as well as dense gels and tissue, with > 90% device yield. We demonstrate several applications of syringe injectable electronics as a general approach for interpenetrating flexible electronics with 3D structures, including (i) monitoring of internal mechanical strains in polymer cavities, (ii) tight integration and low chronic immunoreactivity with several distinct regions of the brain, and (iii) in vivo multiplexed neural recording. Moreover, syringe injection enables delivery of flexible electronics through a rigid shell, delivery of large volume flexible electronics that can fill internal cavities and co-injection of electronics with other materials into host structures, opening up unique applications for flexible electronics.

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confidence: 99%

Syringe-injectable electronics

et al. 2015

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“…However, the extra space this will require is very disadvantageous. A second way would be to use multichannel systems formed from isolated single channels, as is the case for the BION [11,14]. This approach may be attractive when there are several widely-separated stimulation sites or for systems requiring only few channels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of multi-channel stimulation implants: a single blocking capacitor per channel is not sufficient after single-fault failure

Nonclercq

Lonys

Vanhoestenberghe

et al. 2012

Med Biol Eng Comput

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One reason given for placing capacitors in series with stimulation electrodes is that they prevent direct current flow and therefore tissue damage under fault conditions. We show that this is not true for multiplexed multi-channel stimulators with one capacitor per channel. A test bench of two stimulation channels, two stimulation tripoles and a saline bath was used to measure the direct current flowing through the electrodes under two different single fault conditions. The electrodes were passively discharged between stimulation pulses. For the particular condition used (16 mA, 1 ms stimulation pulse at 20 Hz with electrodes placed 5 cm apart), the current ranged from 38 to 326 lA depending on the type of fault. The variation of the fault current with time, stimulation amplitude, stimulation frequency and distance between the electrodes is given. Possible additional methods to improve safety are discussed.

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“…D and C sh are input parameters. The effective solutions of α can be obtained with (5) and then all the parameters can be calculated with the equations above. So, D and C sh need to be optimized.…”

Section: Relationship Among the Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Optimization of Class-E Amplifier at Subnominal Condition in a Wireless Power Transfer System for Biomedical Implants

Líu

Shao

Fang

2017

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

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Abstract-For the class-E amplifier in a wireless power transfer (WPT) system, the design parameters are always determined by the nominal model. However, this model neglects the conduction loss and voltage stress of MOSFET and cannot guarantee the highest efficiency in the WPT system for biomedical implants. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel circuit model of the subnominal class-E amplifier. On a WPT platform for capsule endoscope, the proposed model was validated to be effective and the relationship between the amplifier's design parameters and its characteristics was analyzed. At a given duty ratio, the design parameters with the highest efficiency and safe voltage stress are derived and the condition is called 'optimal subnominal condition.' The amplifier's efficiency can reach the highest of 99.3% at the 0.097 duty ratio. Furthermore, at the 0.5 duty ratio, the measured efficiency of the optimal subnominal condition can reach 90.8%, which is 15.2% higher than that of the nominal condition. Then, a WPT experiment with a receiving unit was carried out to validate the feasibility of the optimized amplifier. In general, the design parameters of class-E amplifier in a WPT system for biomedical implants can be determined with the proposed optimization method in this paper.Index Terms-Biomedical implants, class-E amplifier, efficiency improvement, subnominal condition, wireless power transfer system, zero-voltage-switching (ZVS).

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BION microstimulators: A case study in the engineering of an electronic implantable medical device

Cited by 67 publications

References 39 publications

Syringe-injectable electronics

Syringe-injectable electronics

Safety of multi-channel stimulation implants: a single blocking capacitor per channel is not sufficient after single-fault failure

Modeling and Optimization of Class-E Amplifier at Subnominal Condition in a Wireless Power Transfer System for Biomedical Implants

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