Bionomics of Brachys tessellatus1 in Coastal Plain Scrub Oak Communities

Turnbow, Robert H.; Franklin, Rudolph T.

doi:10.1093/aesa/74.4.351

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Following the completion of development all beetles were sexed by visual inspection of their abdomens. This method provides for unambiguous gender identification (Turnbow & Franklin, 1981; Waddell & Mousseau, 1996).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following extraction from leaves, these larvae were maintained singly in cotton‐stoppered 12 × 50 mm glass tubes to assure virginity of emerging adults. Following final ecdysis in May 1997, the individual virgin females were enclosed in Agryl Agrocloth polypropylene mesh bags (25 × 30 cm) and placed on clusters of 5–8 leaves of Quercus laevis (turkey oak), their preferred host plant (Turnbow & Franklin, 1981; Waddell & Mousseau, 1996). These bags allowed airflow and photosynthesis to occur, but effectively excluded wild beetles from entering or experimental beetles from escaping.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we describe the discovery of a new Rickettsia associated with male‐killing in the buprestid leaf‐mining beetle Brachys tessellatus (F.). B. tessellatus is a univoltine leaf‐mining beetle found in the south‐eastern United States, primarily within the sandhills ecosystem of South Carolina, North Carolina, and Georgia (Turnbow & Franklin, 1981). The adult portion of its life cycle is spent feeding and ovipositing on several species of oak.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rickettsia associated with male-killing in a buprestid beetle

et al. 2001

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Many populations of the buprestid leaf-mining beetle, Brachys tessellatus, from central South Carolina, USA, show highly skewed sex ratios, ranging from 1.3 to 6.0 females per male. We have identi®ed a Rickettsia bacterium that is associated with sex ratio distortion (SRD) and selective killing of male embryos in B. tessellatus. Molecular assays of infection by this bacterium are highly associated with SRD within families, and treatment with an antibiotic (tetracycline) increases the number of male eggs that hatch and develop. The 16S rDNA sequence indicates that this is a novel Rickettsia, most closely related to Rickettsia bellii (a tick-associated bacterium) and a pea-aphid Rickettsia. It is also related to a Rickettsial bacterium that causes male-killing in an unrelated ladybird beetle species. Low levels of parthenogenesis are also observed in this system (about 10% of females) and may be the result of selection due to male rarity, or a direct result of infection by the Rickettsia.Keywords: sex ratio distortion, Rickettsia, male-killing bacteria, beetle, endosymbiotic, parthenogenesis. IntroductionInherited microorganisms are associated with a variety of reproductive alterations in their hosts, including cytoplasmic incompatibility, thelytokous parthenogenesis, feminization of genetic males, and male-killing (reviewed in Werren & O'Neill, 1997). These alterations are generally adaptive for the microorganisms because they are typically inherited maternally through the egg cytoplasm, but are not transmitted via sperm. As a result, inherited microbes often have an asymmetrical inheritance pattern with high maternal (female) inheritance and low or absent paternal (male) inheritance. Selection therefore favours such microorganisms to bias sex ratio or sex determination towards females, the transmitting sex (Werren & O'Neill, 1997).Male-killing microorganisms are widespread in nature (see Hurst et al., 1997 for a review), and involve a wide range of microbial taxa and eukaryotic hosts. Examples include gamma proteobacteria such as Arsenophonus nasoniae, the male-killing bacterium of Nasonia (Gherna et al., 1991), alpha proteobacteria such as Rickettsia in ladybeetles (Werren et al., 1995b) and Wolbachia in 1 Acraea butter¯ies (Hurst et al., 1999),¯avobacteria in beetles (Hurst et al., 1997), spiroplasms in Drosophila (Williamson et al., 1999) and microsporidia (protozoa) in mosquitoes (Hurst, 1991) and amphipods (Dunn & Hatcher, 1997). The pattern suggests that male-killing by resident inherited microbes can readily evolve whenever the ecological circumstances are appropriate. Male-killing can be selectively favoured under two general circumstances: (a) when lethality of males increases the ®tness of infected females in the family or (b) when male-killing provides an inoculum of microbes for horizontal (infectious) transmission. Although there is some evidence that male-killing may provide an inoculum for horizontal transmission in some systems (Hurst, 1991), a ®tness advantage to infected female siblings ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rickettsia associated with male-killing in a buprestid beetle

et al. 2001

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“…Mymarids have been reared from eggs of the buprestid genus Taphrocerus (173), and up to 70% of Taphrocerus eggs are parasitized toward the close of the season (28). Two species of eulophids were reared from B. tessellatus on oak and 13% of eggs were parasitized (184). Other egg parasitoids have been reared from Pachyschelus (but only 1 % of eggs of Pachyschelus psychotriae were parasitized; H. A. Hespenheide & C. Kim, unpublished data) and emergence holes have been seen in eggs of hispines (H. A. Hespenheide, unpublished data).…”

Section: Faunal Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For personal use only.plants may show more damage than preferred plants in the sun (32), and miners may prefer sun leaves but survive better in the shade (26). In Brachys tessellatus, beetles and mines are more common in the upper, sunnier quad rants of the canopy earlier in the season and in lower, more shaded portions later in the year(184). Peripheral leaves may be more heavily mined than…”

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confidence: 99%

Bionomics of Leaf-Mining Insects

Hespenheide¹

1991

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

156

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Morphology of the adult and immatures of a striking new species of leaf-mining Brachys Dejean from Brazil (Buprestidae, Agrilinae)

2020

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Adult and immature stages of a new species, Brachys cleidecostae sp. nov., are described and illustrated. This species represents the first leaf-mining buprestid with two broad, prominent horn-like apophyses on vertex, resembling broad horns. The material was collected within unusual shaped leaf mines in Alibertia sessilis (Vell.) K. Schum (Rubiaceae), a native species from Brazilian Savanna (Cerrado). This is the first record of Brachys associated with a host plant of family Rubiaceae.

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Bionomics of Brachys tessellatus1 in Coastal Plain Scrub Oak Communities

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Rickettsia associated with male-killing in a buprestid beetle

Rickettsia associated with male-killing in a buprestid beetle

Bionomics of Leaf-Mining Insects

Morphology of the adult and immatures of a striking new species of leaf-mining Brachys Dejean from Brazil (Buprestidae, Agrilinae)

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