Bioorganometallic chemistry of molybdenocene dichloride and its derivatives

Abstract

The potential application of metallocene complexes into the cancer research was established by the pioneer work of Köpf-Maeir and Köpf in the late 1970s. The combination of organometallic chemistry and biochemistry created a new research area: bioorganometallic chemistry. Bioorganometallic chemistry has developed rapidly in the last thirty years leading to application of organometallic species into diagnostic, sensors, immunoassays and anticancer research among others. This review focuses on the bioorganometallic chemistry of molybdenocene dichloride and its derivatives as metal-based anticancer drugs. The anticancer properties of molybdenocene dichloride and its derivatives are described as well as the mechanism of action, aqueous and coordination chemistry, and molybdenocene-biomolecule interactions.

New tungstenocenes containing 3-hydroxy-4-pyrone ligands: antiproliferative activity on HT-29 and MCF-7 cell lines and binding to human serum albumin studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modeling methods

“…The redox behaviors of the new species can be attributed to the 3-hydroxy-4-pyronato ligands, which afford more aqueous stability to Cp 2 W(IV) than does chloride. Secondary chemical reactions and/or the formation of stable metal–oxo species may explain the irreversible redox behaviors of the new species [12, 21]. …”

“…Metallocene dichlorides were investigated in a series of tumor cell lines and those metallocenes containing titanium, molybdenum, vanadium, and niobium showed significant antitumor activity on Ehrlich ascites tumor, B16 melanoma, colon 38 carcinoma, and Lewis lung carcinoma cell lines [4–12]. Clinical trials were performed on Cp 2 TiCl 2 and showed that it has fewer secondary effects than cisplatin [13–18].…”

“…The bioorganometallic chemistry of molybdenocene dichloride (Cp 2 MoCl 2 ) and its derivatives has been investigated in more detail, and the mechanisms of drug transport to target sites in the cell have been studied [11, 12]. One of the proposed mechanisms of drug transport and drug distribution involves human serum albumin (HSA) [20].…”

“…We identified that the most active molybdenocene complexes in HT-29 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines are those containing S,N chelating ligands rather than those with O,Ó chelating ligands [12, 21, 22]. …”

[Cp2Mo(OH)(OH2)]+‐Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Mono‐ and Difunctional Ethers: Theoretical Understanding of Their Divergent Reactivity

“…Molybdocenes (Cp 2 MoX 2 ; Cp = cyclopentadienyl or η 5 ‐C 5 H 5 and derivatives, X = halide or pseudo halide) are water‐soluble Mo IV complexes whose aqueous chemistry has received much attention in order to investigate their possible use as an antitumor agent as well as their catalytic properties in organic synthesis and polymerization processes . Experimental studies on the coordination chemistry between Cp 2 MoCl 2 and different DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) models allowed to propose that [Cp 2 Mo(OH)(OH 2 )] + is the dominant species at physiological pH and, therefore, the active species in chemical transformations catalyzed or mediated by Cp 2 MoCl 2 in water .…”