Biopharmaceuticals, an overview

Abstract

Abstract:The modem phannaceutical industry is barely 100 years old. Amongst the most recent product types developed are the biophannaceuticals; therapeutic substances produced by modem biotechnological techniques. Thus far, in excess of 50 such substances have gained regulatory approval for medical use. All are proteins produced by recombinant DNA technology or (in the case of monoclonal antibodies) by hybridoma technology.Biophannaceuticals approved to date include blood factors, anticoagulants and thrombolytic agents, therapeutic enzymes, honnones and haemopoietic growth factors. Also approved are a number of interferons and an interleukin. Recombinant vaccines and several monoclonal antibody based products are also now on the market.In addition to these, in excess of350 potential biophannaceutical products are currently under evaluation in clinical trials. Prominent amongst these is a new sub-class ofbiophannaceutical -nucleic acid. Nucleic acid based products fmd application in the emerging therapeutic techniques of gene therapy and anti-sense technology. These techniques will likely provide medical practitioners with an additional powerful tool with which to treat conditions such as genetic diseases, cancer and infectious diseases.The biophannaceutical sector will continue to grow strongly for the foreseeable future. Its current global market value of $7-$8 billion is likely to triple within the next 5-6 years. This sector, born less than 20 years ago, is quickly reaching maturity. G. Walsh et al. (eds.), Biopharmaceuticals, an Industrial Perspective

Two-Layered Dissolving Microneedles for Percutaneous Delivery of Peptide/Protein Drugs in Rats

“…The current list of approved therapeutic peptide/protein drugs is growing rapidly because automated drug discovery and biotechnology production methods are creating new biochemical drugs for an expanding number of intractable ailments (1). Demand for delivery of such macromolecular biopharmaceuticals as peptide/protein drugs is increasing (2).…”

Two-and Three-Layered Dissolving Microneedles for Transcutaneous Delivery of Model Vaccine Antigen in Rats

“…However, transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDSs) are not recognized as a conventional dosage form, because the permeability of drugs through the human skin is limited by the strong barrier function of the skin. Especially, biopharmaceuticals do not permeate through the skin at therapeutically relevant amounts and rates [3]. Vaccine antigens, which are also representative biopharmaceuticals, are used as an injection preparation.…”

Extraction and purification of recombinant intact human Parathyroid Hormone (hPTH) from bacterial cell

“…These have the ability to cure diseases rather than treat some disease symptoms, and have less side effects due to their specificity, for example clotting factors, vaccines, cytokines, hormones, enzymes, monoclonal antibodies, cell therapies, antisense drugs, and peptide therapeutics. [1] An example of these biopharmaceutical drug is the human parathyroid hormone which is one of the most important proteins, this protein secreted by the chief cells of the Parathyroid gland as a polypeptide containing 84 amino acids. Parathyroid hormone works normally, if Calcium ion concentrations in extracellular fluid fall below normal to bring them back within the normal range.…”