“… [ [143] , [144] , [145] ] | siRNA | A double-stranded RNA molecule synthesized in vitro , about 21–23 nt in length, dependent on the processing of the Dicer enzyme, can be applied to any part of mRNA, and silencing of target genes through the RNA interference pathway. | [ 79 , 146 ] |
miRNA | Endogenous, widely found in eukaryotes, a kind of RNA molecule with a length of about 22 nt (21–24 nt), depending on Dicer enzyme processing, mature miRNA is single-stranded RNA, mainly acts in the 3′-UTR region of target genes and regulates the expression of target genes by degrading the target mRNA or inhibiting the translation of proteins. | [ 147 , 148 ] |
shRNA | A short double-stranded RNA structure (19–25 nt) produced by a stem-loop-dependent sequence, which is enzymatically cleaved in cells to form siRNAs that regulate target genes via the RNA interference pathway. |
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