Biophysical Enhancement in Fracture Healing: A Review of the Literature

Abstract

Bone healing constitutes a complex process involving cellular and pathophysiological mechanisms. Despite progress in osteosynthesis techniques, fracture union continues to be challenging. In some cases, it is not ultimately achieved or is delayed relative to the expected time resulting in economic and social outcomes for the patient and the health system. In addition to surgical treatment, biophysical methods have been developed to assist in fracture healing used in combination or individually. Biophysical stimulation is a noninvasive therapy used in orthopedic practice to increase and enhance tissue's reparative and anabolic activities. This study reviewed the existing literature, including electromagnetic fields, ultrasound, laser, extracorporeal shockwave therapy, and electrical stimulation, and revealed the efficacy of biophysical stimulation for bone healing. This study aims to define if these methods are helpful, especially in cases of non-union. Biophysical stimulation requires care and precision in use to ensure the success expected of it by physicians and patients.

Musculoskeletal Diseases: From Molecular Basis to Therapy

“…Another non-invasive procedure is represented by biophysical stimulation that could be effectively applied in the treatment of delayed fracture healing in order to enhance bone regeneration [36]. De Francesco et al reported the use of biophysical stimulation (pulsed electromagnetic fields and capacitive coupling electric fields) in patients who underwent surgical fixation of hand phalanx with delayed union at 30 days from surgery [16].…”