2021
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.790050
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Biophysical Stimuli as the Fourth Pillar of Bone Tissue Engineering

Abstract: The repair of critical bone defects remains challenging worldwide. Three canonical pillars (biomaterial scaffolds, bioactive molecules, and stem cells) of bone tissue engineering have been widely used for bone regeneration in separate or combined strategies, but the delivery of bioactive molecules has several obvious drawbacks. Biophysical stimuli have great potential to become the fourth pillar of bone tissue engineering, which can be categorized into three groups depending on their physical properties: inter… Show more

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Cited by 29 publications
(19 citation statements)
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References 196 publications
(258 reference statements)
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“…Over the years, it has been observed that biophysical stimuli, such as electromagnetic stimuli, internal structural stimuli, or external mechanical stimuli, exhibit a promising potential to accelerate the regeneration of critical bone defects [110][111][112]. In the 1950s, the piezoelectric properties of the bone were discovered by a group of Japanese researchers.…”
Section: Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields-based Bioreactorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Over the years, it has been observed that biophysical stimuli, such as electromagnetic stimuli, internal structural stimuli, or external mechanical stimuli, exhibit a promising potential to accelerate the regeneration of critical bone defects [110][111][112]. In the 1950s, the piezoelectric properties of the bone were discovered by a group of Japanese researchers.…”
Section: Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields-based Bioreactorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It was proven that PEMFs affect the gap junction communication system between cells and exert action on ion channels [115,120]. Importantly, in vivo studies confirmed that PEMFs significantly improve bone-implant osseointegration [110,121]. Parmaksiz et al [122] transplanted the decellularized cancellous bone matrix (DBM) and DBM with incorporated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) in the rat cranial defect model with or without LF-PEMF treatment.…”
Section: Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields-based Bioreactorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition to the above biochemical stimuli, which can regulate immune cells to promote bone regeneration, biophysical stimuli have immunomodulatory functions and can be categorized into internal structural stimuli, external mechanical stimuli, and electromagnetic stimuli [ 7 ].…”
Section: Modulations Of the Msc–immune Cell Interaction For Bone Tiss...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bone tissue engineering is a potential strategy for critical bone defects, which are composed of four pillars, namely, biomaterial scaffolds, stem cells, bioactive factors, and biophysical stimuli [ 7 ]. However, most current studies have mainly focused on osteogenesis and angiogenesis during bone healing because osteogenesis stimulates the deposition of collagen and hydroxyapatite; angiogenesis promotes the delivery of oxygen and nutrients for bone cells to exert their functions [ 8 , 9 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[ 4 ] Therefore, bone tissue engineering shows promising prospect for surgical bone repair, with four pillars of biomaterial scaffolds, seed cells, bioactive factors, and biophysical stimuli. [ 5 ] However, what consistently impedes its clinic application is the lack of suitable biomaterials that could rationally integrate the other three key components. Hydrogels may be ideal scaffolds for bone tissue engineering because they structurally resemble the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), which could support cell behavior, including migration, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%