were characterised as to their microstructure, water vapour and oxygen permeability, 10 mechanical behaviour, optical properties and protective ability against lipid oxidation. The 11 corresponding film forming dispersions were also used to coat toasted almonds in order to test 12 their effectiveness at protecting against rancidity development. The efficiency of three additives
13(ascorbic acid, citric acid or ginger essential oil) was tested and compared with antioxidant-free 14 coatings. A cross-linking effect in the film matrices containing ascorbic or citric acid was 15 detected through the analysis of the film microstructure, mechanical behaviour and barrier
16properties to oxygen and water vapour. These films were the most effective protectors against 17 oxidation of almonds, due to both their antioxidant effect and the tighter structure which leads to 18 lower oxygen permeability. In films with ginger oil, the hydrophobic effect markedly reduced
19water vapour permeability at low temperatures, but protection against lipid oxidation was less 20 effective at long storage times.
22Keywords: edible coatings, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, ascorbic acid, citric acid, ginger oil,
35The potential interest in the use of biodegradable films has been extensively reviewed
51The aim of this work was to study the impact of some additives with proven antioxidant
83Films were formed by drying on a level surface for approximately 24 h at 45% RH and 20 ºC,
84and were peeled off from the casting surface. The films were stored in cabinets at 25ºC at two 85 levels of relative humidity (RH), namely 33% and 53%, using oversaturated solutions of MgCl2
105(1995) for flexible films (McHugh et al., 1993). Payne permeability cups of 3.5 cm in diameter
106(Elcometer SPRL, Hermelle /s Argenteau, Belgium) were filled with oversaturated solutions of 107 Mg(NO3)2 (RH: 51-57% in the tested temperature range) or NaCl (RH: 75-76% in the teste 108 temperature range). Films were selected due to the lack of defects, three round samples per 109 formulation were cut and thickness was measured. Once the films were secured, each cup was 110 placed in a pre-equilibrated cabinet fitted with a fan to provide a strong driving force across the 111 film for water vapour diffusion. The RH of the cabinet was held constant using over-saturated 112 solutions of MgCl2 (RH: 32-33%) or Mg(NO3)2 (RH: 51-57%). The shiny side of the films was 113 exposed to the ambient at the highest RH, and the cabinets were stored at the aforementioned 114 temperatures. The cups were weighed periodically (± 0.00001 g) after steady state had been 115 reached. The slope of the weight loss vs. time plot was divided by the exposed film area to 116 calculate the water vapour transmission rate (WVTR). WVP was quantified using the equations 117 described by Fabra et al. (2009a
130Optical properties were determined on the shiny side of films pre-equilibrated at 33%
131RH. The reflectance spectra were obtained with a spectrocolorimeter MINOLTA, model CM-
1323600d (Minolta CO. T...