Biopolymers in sorbent-based microextraction methods

Abstract

Since the introduction of the Green Analytical Chemistry guidelines, there has been an increasing concern on the sustainability of sample preparation approaches, particularly if considering they constitute the most time-consuming step of the analytical method and the main source of laboratory wastes. Among the alternatives explored, it is important to highlight the miniaturization of the extraction methods, which has been accompanied by the seek of greener solvents and sorbents. Biopolymers emerge as potential candidates to be used as sorbents in microextraction schemes given their biodegradability, versatility, and easily functionalization. This review offers an overview on biopolymers (chitosan, cellulose, alginate, and agarose) in sorbent-based microextraction approaches, paying attention to the preparation of the sorbent and the format in which biopolymers are incorporated into the sorbent/device, thus implying a specific microextraction approach, their role in the resulting sorbent material, and the reported analytical applications, covering environmental, food, and bioclinical analysis.

Determination of antibiotics in meat samples using analytical methodologies: A review

“…However, the main drawbacks of “traditional” SPE are the high backpressure generated and the elevate amount of sorbent necessary. As alternative, other approaches such as solid phase microextraction (SPME), dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE), dispersive solid phase microextraction (DSPME), and magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) have been described (Pacheco‐Fernández et al., 2020; Pérez‐Rodríguez, Pellerano, L. Pezza & H. R. Pezza, 2018). DSPE and DSPME consist of the addition/dispersion of the sorbent into the sample solution followed by its separation and finally by analytes’ desorption.…”

“…DSPE and DSPME consist of the addition/dispersion of the sorbent into the sample solution followed by its separation and finally by analytes’ desorption. The disadvantage of these sample pretreatments is that they require filtration and centrifugation steps (Islas, Ibarra, Hernandez, Miranda, & Cepeda, 2017; Pacheco‐Fernández et al., 2020), making longer the sample treatment. MSPE is an alternative dispersive technique for the extraction of target compounds based on the use of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) as sorbents.…”

New phases for analytical scale extraction from plants: Current and future trends

“…They include sorbents with a range of characteristics, but the common principle is the exploitation of natural products as raw materials for the preparation of sustainable and efficient extraction phases. Over the years, many natural sorbents have been demonstrated to possess good extraction capacities together with suitable characteristics for extraction, such as mechanical strength, gelling properties and tunability [59][60][61].…”

“…Unlike cellulose, which is abundant in the walls of vegetal cells, chitosan is mainly derived from the skeletons of marine animals, as a deacylated form of chitin. Both materials present surfaces that are rich in hydrophilic groups, which can easily form hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions with target analytes [59]. Sporopollenin, a major component of the external walls of pollen grains, is another interesting biopolymer.…”

A ball mill‐assisted vortex‐enhanced matrix solid‐phase dispersion method for the extraction and determination of five phenolic compounds from Rubi Fructus by high‐performance liquid chromatography

“…Based on the advantages of separating matrix and compounds in a short time and reducing human exposure to compounds [21], vortex-assisted MSPD has been used to analyze the environmental [22], plants [23], animal samples [24], etc. Materials have been applied as adsorbents during the MSPD process mainly include silica-based materials, carbon-based, organic polymers, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), and biopolymers [25]. As a material with selective adsorption properties, molecular sieves have been used for sample pretreatment [26][27][28], and silica-based materials are an important kind of mesoporous materials [29].…”