Biopolymers - Sustainability for  the Automotive Value-added Chain

Barillari, Fabrizio; Chini, Fabrizio

doi:10.1007/s38311-020-0298-6

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The dwindling of fossil resources provides a strong drive to the development of bio-based products, while the possibility to mitigate environmental pollution or simplify organic waste collection are big motivations behind the development of biodegradable and compostable plastic products. Bioplastics already find applications on the market, particularly as packaging [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ], carrier and compost bags [ 5 , 6 ]; they are also applied in the agriculture and horticulture sector [ 6 , 8 ], and in the automotive and electronic industry [ 6 , 9 ]. Furthermore, biodegradable polymers have been long applied in biomedicine [ 5 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Bioplastics and Their Adoption in the Circular Economy

2021

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The European Union is working towards the 2050 net-zero emissions goal and tackling the ever-growing environmental and sustainability crisis by implementing the European Green Deal. The shift towards a more sustainable society is intertwined with the production, use, and disposal of plastic in the European economy. Emissions generated by plastic production, plastic waste, littering and leakage in nature, insufficient recycling, are some of the issues addressed by the European Commission. Adoption of bioplastics–plastics that are biodegradable, bio-based, or both–is under assessment as one way to decouple society from the use of fossil resources, and to mitigate specific environmental risks related to plastic waste. In this work, we aim at reviewing the field of bioplastics, including standards and life cycle assessment studies, and discuss some of the challenges that can be currently identified with the adoption of these materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Bioplastics and Their Adoption in the Circular Economy

2021

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“…Non-biodegradable or synthetic materials (such as carbon fibre, clay, glass fibre, etc.) used for reinforcing would further reduce the biodegradability, although these materials give good effects in reinforcing bioplastics [ 41 , 43 , 49 ]. Still, the biodegradability of the reinforced bioplastics mostly depends on the compatibility and interaction between the materials with the bioplastics.…”

Section: Bioplasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Applications of Reinforced Bioplastics in Various Industries: A Review

2023

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The introduction of bioplastics has been an evolution for plastic industry since conventional plastics have been claimed to cause several environmental issues. Apart from its biodegradability, one of the advantages can be identified of using bioplastic is that they are produced by renewal resources as the raw materials for synthesis. Nevertheless, bioplastics can be classified into two types, which are biodegradable and non-biodegradable, depending on the type of plastic that is produced. Although some of the bioplastics are non-biodegradable, the usage of biomass in synthesising the bioplastics helps in preserving non-renewable resources, which are petrochemical, in producing conventional plastics. However, the mechanical strength of bioplastic still has room for improvement as compared to conventional plastics, which is believed to limit its application. Ideally, bioplastics need to be reinforced for improving their performance and properties to serve their application. Before 21st century, synthetic reinforcement has been used to reinforce conventional plastic to achieve its desire properties to serve its application, such as glass fiber. Owing to several issues, the trend has been diversified to utilise natural resources as reinforcements. There are several industries that have started to use reinforced bioplastic, and this article focuses on the advantages of using reinforced bioplastic in various industries and its limitations. Therefore, this article aims to study the trend of reinforced bioplastic applications and the potential applications of reinforced bioplastics in various industries.

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“…After retting, flax stem is broken, and the shives are separated from the fibres by a scutching process. Finally, flax fibres are hackled to detangle and straighten producing individual technical fibres that are suited for use in the textile industry or long-fibre reinforced composites [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short Flax Fibres and Shives as Reinforcements in Bio Composites: A Numerical and Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties

et al. 2023

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The complete flax stem, which contains shives and technical fibres, has the potential to reduce the cost, energy consumption and environmental impacts of the composite production process if used directly as reinforcement in a polymer matrix. Earlier studies have utilised flax stem as reinforcement in non-bio-based and non-biodegradable matrices not completely exploiting the bio-sourced and biodegradable nature of flax. We investigated the potential of using flax stem as reinforcement in a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix to produce a lightweight, fully bio-based composite with improved mechanical properties. Furthermore, we developed a mathematical approach to predict the material stiffness of the full composite part produced by the injection moulding process, considering a three-phase micromechanical model, where the effects of local orientations are accounted. Injection moulded plates with a flax content of up to 20 V% were fabricated to study the effect of flax shives and full straw flax on the mechanical properties of the material. A 62% increase in longitudinal stiffness was obtained, resulting in a 10% higher specific stiffness, compared to a short glass fibre-reinforced reference composite. Moreover, the anisotropy ratio of the flax-reinforced composite was 21% lower, compared to the short glass fibre material. This lower anisotropy ratio is attributed to the presence of the flax shives. Considering the fibre orientation in the injection moulded plates predicted with Moldflow simulations, a high agreement between experimental and predicted stiffness data was obtained. The use of flax stems as polymer reinforcement provides an alternative to the use of short technical fibres that require intensive extraction and purification steps and are known to be cumbersome to feed to the compounder.

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Biopolymers - Sustainability for the Automotive Value-added Chain

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

A Review of Bioplastics and Their Adoption in the Circular Economy

A Review of Bioplastics and Their Adoption in the Circular Economy

The Potential Applications of Reinforced Bioplastics in Various Industries: A Review

Short Flax Fibres and Shives as Reinforcements in Bio Composites: A Numerical and Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties

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